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HPSEB STATE LOAD DESPATCH AND COMMUNICATION CENTRE, SHIMLA

2. CONTENTS. Scenario of Power System before the setup of LDCsNecessity/Objectives/Ideal ConditionsDecision of GOISetting up of SLDC/Sub-LDC in HPSCADA/EMS functions.ABT RegimeSome samplesU.I. ChargesPoints for considerationGrid Management. 3. SCENARIO OF POWER SYSTEM BEFORE THE SETUP OF LOAD DESPATCH CENTRES.

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HPSEB STATE LOAD DESPATCH AND COMMUNICATION CENTRE, SHIMLA

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    1. 1

    2. 2 CONTENTS Scenario of Power System before the setup of LDCs Necessity/Objectives/Ideal Conditions Decision of GOI Setting up of SLDC/Sub-LDC in HP SCADA/EMS functions. ABT Regime Some samples U.I. Charges Points for consideration Grid Management

    3. 3 SCENARIO OF POWER SYSTEM BEFORE THE SETUP OF LOAD DESPATCH CENTRES No Grid Discipline. Low voltage, low frequency. Frequent Grid failures. Non optimum utilization of available resources. No real time availability of data/ events occurring. Contd…...

    4. 4 Inefficient Power System Operation & Load Management Wide gap in Demand - Supply position (no regulation). Low voltages at Consumer end. High per Unit cost.

    5. 5

    6. 6 NECESSITY/OBJECTIVES: For running the power system at maximum economy. For getting real time information for speedy and efficient decision-making. For meeting the demands of the ABT regime.

    7. 7

    8. 8 DECISION OF GOVT. OF INDIA To set up Regional Load Despatch Centres State Load Despatch & Communication Centres Sub-Load Despatch Centres with ultimate aim of ‘National Grid’

    9. 9

    10. 10 CONTROL HEIRARCHY

    11. 11 CONTROL HEIRARCHY

    12. 12 INTER CONNECTIVITY DIAGRAM OF SLDC –SUB-LDC’s OF H.P.

    13. 13

    14. 14

    15. 15

    17. 17 132kV SUB-STATION AT JUTOGH

    18. 18 132kV SUB-STATION AT JUTOGH

    19. 19 RTU AT JUTOGH

    20. 20 COMMUNICATION ROOM

    21. 21 COMPUTER ROOM

    22. 22 CONTROL ROOM

    23. 23 CONTROL ROOM

    24. 24 PROGRAMMING ROOM

    26. 26

    27. 27 SCADA/EMS FUNCTIONALITIES

    28. 28

    29. 29

    30. 30 EMS PACKAGE-LOAD FORECASTING (LFC)

    31. 31

    32. 32 EMS RTGEN

    33. 33

    34. 34

    35. 35

    36. 36

    37. 37 What we have done…….. Matching of forecasted & Actual Demand Meticulous Planning for Day Ahead Schedule Regulation of own generation according to frequency profiles

    38. 38

    39. 39

    40. 40

    41. 41 SOME SAMPLES Sample Day Ahead Schedule Sample Graphs Frequency Unscheduled Inter-change Daily Generation, Availability & Requirement of State

    42. 42 Electricity - A scientific phenomenon EMF travels at the speed of light Available ‘just-in-time’ Delivered to the customers fresh No one get placed on hold Impartial in its benevolence and wrath Good servant but a ruthless master

    43. 43 Power flow characteristics Is directional Does not recognize geographical boundaries, asset ownership Does not check the map to determine the shortest route Flows are dictated purely by Impedances of the transmission lines Point of injection by generators Point of consumption loads

    44. 44

    45. 45 Reliability Is a general term encompassing all the measures of the ability of the system generally given as numerical indices to deliver electricity to all points of utilization within acceptable standards and in the amounts desired CIGRE Comprises of “Adequacy” and “Security”

    46. 46

    47. 47 Security

    48. 48 Stability Angle Stability ability of interconnected synchronous machines of power system to remain in synchronism under normal operating conditions and after subjected to a disturbance Small signal, Transient, Mid term, long term Voltage Stability ability of a power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages at all buses in the system under normal operating conditions and after subjected to a disturbance

    49. 49 Power System in India

    50. 50 Hierarchy of Indian Power System

    51. 51 NATIONAL POWER SCENARIO Installed Capacity in 1947 1,300 MW Installed Capacity as on 31.08.2007 1,35,000MW Demand Estimates (FY2012) 16th EPS* Energy Demand (Billion Units) 750 Peak Demand 155,000 Installed Capacity required to 195,000 meet peak demand (MW) Additional Capacity Required (MW) 71,000 Present Energy Shortage 8.2% Peak Demand Shortfall 13% * Energy Survey by GOI

    52. 52 Present Power Scenario

    53. 53 Synchronous Grid interconnecting four(4) regions of 90 GW capacity geographically spread over 2.6 million sq. kms. South(SR) is asynchronously connected Transmission Grid$ (as on 30th September 2007) 765 kV / 400 kV Lines - 82089 ckt. km 220 kV Lines – 116745 ckt. km HVDC Bipole (3 nos.) - 2389 ckt. Km, 5 GW HVDC back-to-back - 7 nos., 3 GW FSC – 18 nos.; TCSC – 6 nos. Inter-regional capacity – More than 16 GW $source: CEA, India Transmission Network

    54. 54 Development of Electric Grid

    55. 55 Energy Resources

    56. 56 Installed Capacity & Inter Regional links

    57. 57

    58. 58

    59. 59

    60. 60

    61. 61

    62. 62 Zones and Flowgates in Northern Grid

    63. 63

    64. 64 HPSEB-Taking Power to people Existing Power System Installed Capacity 460 MW Villages Electrified 16915 Nos Hamlets Electrified 4482 Consumer Connected 17.56 Lacs Connected Load 3531300 KW

    65. 65 HPSEB-Taking Power to people Existing Power System EHV Station 35Nos. Distribution Sub Stns. 18255Nos. H.T.Lines 28012Kms L.T.Lines 50435 Kms A State Load Dispatch Centre with Latest State of Art has been established to have online control and transaction of Electricity Minimum fatal/non-fatal accidents Minimum Transformer failure

    66. 66

    67. 67

    68. 68

    69. 69 Role of Himachal Pradesh State Load Dispatch Centre Himachal Pradesh State Load Dispatch Center is ensuring integrated operation of the power system of the HP State with the Northern Region Load Dispatch Center of India. The main responsibilities of HPSLDC are: Management, Monitoring & Control of power system parameters and security etc. To ensure the integrated operation of the power system of HP State Grid with Northern/NEW Grid. System studies, planning and contingency analysis. Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating immediate remedial measures. Issuance of Day Ahead Schedules/Dispatches w.r.t demand of loads, generations etc. and operational planning/control. Facilitating bilateral exchanges. Computation of energy dispatch and drawal values using SEMs. Augmentation of telemetry, computing and communication facilities.

    70. 70

    71. 71 Critical Corridor In Northern Region Central UP to western part is a critical corridor having the following lines:

    72. 72 Fog on 27th January 2007

    73. 73 Incident on 27th January 2007 Heavy Fog in North West India (rail, road, air traffic) Tripping/Auto Reclosure started from 0300 Hrs. Maximum impact in Delhi, Western UP and Haryana areas. Most critical period between 0745 Hrs to 1130 Hrs. Max 53 (400 & 220kV) lines were out at 0812 Hrs. Western UP/Uttaranchal (approx 1200 MW load) area was being fed through 400 kV Agra-Muradnagar and 400 kV Lucknow- Moradabad lines only for more than 2 hours.

    74. 74 The five hour ‘test of nerves’ Time of incident: 0600 hrs to 1100 hrs Information overload 3300 Alarms : 11/Minute 1200 Sequence of Events : 4/Minute Situational awareness challenge 17 number of corridors affected 32 no. of lines out of 81 lines in these corridors affected Total 82 no. of Auto-Reclosures on 17 lines 400 kV Bus-II lost at Dadri at 08:12:22 hrs 220 kV bus-II lost at Auraiya at 08:46:11 hrs 220 kV Bus fault at Panipat (BBMB) at 09:00:51 hrs 8 no. of 400 kV & 16 no. of 220 kV lines declared under breakdown Auraiya 2 GTs and 1 STs & Panipat(Th) # 1, 2, 3 & 4 tripped Backing down of generation at Singrauli, Rihand-1 & Rihand-2 Curtailment of Inter-Regional STOA transactions

    75. 75

    76. 76 December-2007

    77. 77 January 2008

    78. 78

    79. 79 Fog Related incident on 4th /5th Feb 2008 in Northern Region First line tripped at 20:49 hrs/ 04 Feb- 2008 63x400 kV lines and 54x220 kV lines tripped 15x400 kV Substations and 9x220 kV Substations dead. NR System separated into two parts at 0437 hrs. Islanded system comprised of Punjab -Chandigarh -North Haryana -HP-Jammu & Kashmir –BBMB Island size about 5500 MW Rest of NR(Delhi/UP/Uttarakhand/Rajasthan) remained connected with “NEW” Grid.

    80. 80 At 07:45 hrs, 400 kV Dadri remained connected with rest of the grid only via 400 kV Dadri-Maharanibagh-Ballabhgarh line Tripping of 400 kV Dadri-Maharanibagh-Ballabhgarh would have led to islanded operation of Dadri (T) & Dadri (G) Islanded operation continued for 4 hour 19 minutes Fog Related incident on 4th /5th Feb 2008 in Northern Region

    81. 81 Load shedding of around 5000 MW to avert cascade failure and survival of island Generation affected at Panipat (T )(unit 3 & 8) –110 MW x1+1x250MW=360 MW 2600 SOEs received from 00 hrs to 0900 hrs of 5th Feb 2008 121 number of switching instructions issued by NRLDC 83 instructions for closing of lines Fog Related incident on 4th /5th Feb 2008 in Northern Region

    82. 82

    83. 83

    84. 84 ACTION TAKEN Total 1500 MW of Generation Backed down at Singrauli,Rihand,Unchahar,Dadri(G),Auriya Additional support of 200-300 MW taken from BBMB for more than 10 hours Inter-Regional STOA curtailed Power exported to Central grid to the tune of 700 MW against a normal import of 1270 MW( swing of 1970 MW)

    85. 85 Generation Backdown

    86. 86

    87. 87 BBMB GENERATION

    88. 88

    89. 89 Island kept ready for synchronisation at two places viz. Bassi end on 400 kV Bassi-Hissar and Hissar end on 400 kV Hissar-Bawana but finally synchronised at 08.57 hours at Hissar . Fog Related incident on 4th /5th Feb 2008 in Northern Region

    90. 90 Highlights/Issues-Fog related Trippings Behaviour of autoreclosure feature System separation alerts issued continuously since 02:30 hours and BBMB/Punjab/Haryana/J&K/HP SLDCs alerted on 5th Dec-08 morning Loss of 220 kV Panipat(BBMB) bus at 02:30 hours while carrying out switching operations to isolate the stuck breaker of 220 kV Panipat-Ch.Dadri line………..islanding of Panipat unit-3 & its tripping.

    91. 91 Highlights/Issues-Fog related Trippings 1x250 MVA, 400/220 kV ICT at Dehar providing the synchronous interconnection for nearly 40 minutes. Attempts to maintain connectivity on 220 kV Panipat-Narela D/C Survival of Island after separation possible only as it was surplus by 250 MW at the time of separation Absence of free governor operation in the Island

    92. 92 Highlights/Issues-Fog related Trippings UFR operation in Island at 04:49 Hours Relative Humidity not dropping…..conscious decision to synchronize only afer 08.30 hours Response from SLDCs/Substations during crisis Outage of 400 kV Muradnagar(UPPCL) for more than 4 hours No communication to substation either through SLDC or directly from NRLDC Overdrawal by Rajasthan Data related issues raised by DTL Loading of 400 kV Dadri-Malerkotla (PSEB

    93. 93 Highlights/Issues arising out of FOG related tripping 5th/6th Feb-08 Fault leading to isolation of 400 kV Bawana at 01:50 hours Load remaining connected at Bamnauli…..

    94. 94

    95. 95

    96. 96

    97. 97

    98. 98

    99. 99 Future Demand-Capacity Projection

    100. 100

    101. 101

    102. 102 Grid operation - A collective responsibility Transmission is an indivisible shared facility (public service) “Failures in one location can propagate through the network”- Thomas Overbye “Power markets are the only markets that can suffer a catastrophic instability that develops in less than a second… The extent and speed of the required coordination are unparalleled”-Steven Stoft

    103. 103

    104. 104

    105. 105 Tangible Benefit Accrued

    106. 106

    107. 107

    108. 108 THANK YOU FOR YOUR VISIT TO SLDC CONTROL CENTRE

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