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Engineering Better Medicine New Imaging Methods

Engineering Better Medicine New Imaging Methods. D.T. Delpy Dept of Medical Physics & Bioengineering UCL. Imaging Modalities. X Ray - Conventional, Tomography Endoscopy Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI Single Photon Emission CT -SPECT Positron Emission Tomography - PET Ultrasound

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Engineering Better Medicine New Imaging Methods

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  1. Engineering Better MedicineNew Imaging Methods D.T. Delpy Dept of Medical Physics & Bioengineering UCL

  2. Imaging Modalities X Ray - Conventional, Tomography Endoscopy Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI Single Photon Emission CT -SPECT Positron Emission Tomography - PET Ultrasound Laser Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography - OCT NIR Topography, Tomography Exogenous fluorophores MID IR Thermoacoustics Terahertz

  3. 3D X Ray CT of hand 3D X Ray CT of abdomen with soft tissue rendering

  4. 3D visualisation CT virtual colonoscopy

  5. The endoscopy “pill”

  6. Images obtained when passing through the bowel (Given Imaging System)

  7. Conventional MRI system Open access MRI system Small Extremity MRI

  8. fMRI images of the brain showing activation changes during 40 minutes of motor learning MRI Brain image

  9. MRI movie of the beating heart Intravascular imaging with micro-coils

  10. MRI flow velocity profiling

  11. MR Angiography Gated MR Image of the heart

  12. Lung imaging with Hyperpolarised 129Xe

  13. Single headed Gamma camera PET system

  14. Combined PET & MRI 3D image of brain Combined X ray CT and PET

  15. Ultrasound array transducer and beam steering

  16. Vaginal ultrasound image of early foetus 3D vaginal ultrasound image of early foetus

  17. 3D Ultrasound imaging of baby

  18. Light penetration distances into the skin with wavelength

  19. Multispectral imaging: 700 - 900 nm range

  20. Photograph & Laser Doppler image of lower legs

  21. Principles of Optical Coherence Tomography

  22. OCT image of the cornea and pupil OCT image of the retina

  23. OCT of normal esophagus, colon and colon carcinoma Doppler OCT of retinal blood vessels

  24. Absorption Spectrum of Blood ULTRAVIOLET VISIBLE NEAR INFRARED NIR Measurement Region Absorption [cm-1 M-1] HbO2 Hb Wavelength [nm]

  25. NIR topography principles

  26. NIR topography system photograph

  27. NIR topographic image of motor cortex activation

  28. NIR Breast Imager (Philips) Tumour Cyst Tumour 3D Breast Cup

  29. ~ ns t ~ ps t t t The MONSTIR Project But near infrared light scatters in tissue. The (temporal) Impulse Response Function of tissue to a pulse of laser light can be used to distinguish between the effects of scatter and absorption.

  30. Adult Arm Imaging Experiment

  31. Arm Imaging Results (Absolute) A B A B Longitudinal MRI MRI ms ma

  32. Optical Imaging of Luciferase tagged bacteria & tumour cells

  33. Optical imaging of GFP fluorescence Tumour angiogenesis GFP expression monitored non invasively

  34. Mid Infrared (900-1800 cm-1) Images of Bone and Single Osteon top: hydroxyapatite middle: Protein (amide) bottom: crystallinity

  35. Thermoacoustic imaging of kidney with cyst Contrast depends on absorption of particular energy type

  36. The “unexplored” parts of the spectrum - Terahertz waves

  37. Terahertz imaging

  38. Just a few imaging topics not mentioned: X ray: spiral CT, phase imaging MRI: diffusion, perfusion, oxygenation, CSI, hyperpolarised gas blood flow PET: combined CT/PET, MRI/PET Ultrasound: power doppler, microscopy, bubble contrast (all 3D) Ultrasound/MRI: Hall effect imaging Ultrasound/Light/Microwaves: photoacoustic, thermoacoustic imaging Light: intravascular OCT, OCT spectroscopy, Raman imaging, elastic scattering spectroscopy, diffusive wave spectroscopy, polarisation imaging (structural), NIR breast imaging, flow using ICG etc etc etc

  39. The futures bright: The futures: IMAGING

  40. Hopefully not!!

  41. Functional NIRS - Visual Cortex

  42. Functional NIRS - Visual Cortex - Averaged Signal

  43. OCT movie of beating tadpole heart

  44. The MONSTIR Imaging System

  45. X Ray CT system

  46. Ultrasound image and Doppler signal from umbilical artery & vein

  47. The MONSTIR Imaging System BACK SIDE FRONT

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