Depression

1. Depression Mary Waldo

2. How many older adults experience depression?? VIDEO Resurection Church

3. Depression… Interferes with daily life Causes pain for both you and those who care about you Is a common but serious illness Many people with a depressive illness never seek treatment Most people, even those with the most severe depression, can get better with treatment Resurection Church

4. Types of Depression • Minor • At risk for developing major depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Interfere with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy • Dysthymic Disorder, or Dysthymia • long-term (2 years or longer) symptoms that may not be severe enough to disable a person but can prevent normal functioning or feeling well • Psychotic • Postpartum • Seasonal Affective Disorder Resurection Church

5. Depression: Signs and Symptoms Sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings Hopelessness or pessimism Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems Guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness Irritability, restlessness Loss of interest Loss of energy Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions Change in sleeping and/or eating patterns Thoughts of suicide, suicide attempts Resurection Church

6. Related Illnesses Anxiety disorders Alcohol and other substance abuse or dependence Heart disease, Stroke Cancer HIV/AIDS Diabetes Thyroid disorders Viruses AND Medications People who have depression along with another medical illness tend to have more severe symptoms of both depression and the medical illness, more difficulty adapting to their medical condition, and more medical costs than those who do not have co-existing depression. Treating the depression can also help improve the outcome of treating the co-occurring illness. Resurection Church

7. Causes Combination of biological genetic environmental psychological factors Resurection Church

8. Depression and Aging Depression is NOT a normal part of aging • Grief after loss is a normal reaction to the loss and generally does not require professional mental health treatment. • Grief that is complicated and lasts for a very long time following a loss may require treatment. • Elders show different, less obvious symptoms of depression Resurection Church

9. Experiences of Depression • Women: More Common. Hormonal? • Additional stresses of work and home responsibilities, caring for children and aging parents, abuse, poverty, and relationship strains. • Women with depression are more likely to have feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and excessive guilt, men are more likely to be very tired, irritable, lose interest in once-pleasurable activities, and have difficulty sleeping • Men: May turn to alcohol, drugs, successful suicide Resurection Church

10. Diagnosis and Treatment • Depression can be treated • Rule out medical conditions • Medications • Most work on neurotransmitters in brain; involved in mood • 4 to 6 weeks • Psychotherapy Resurection Church

11. Psychotherapy“Talk Therapy” • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) • helps people with depression restructure negative thought patterns • Interpersonal therapy (IPT) • helps people understand and work through troubled relationships that may cause their depression or make it worse Resurection Church

12. Help • Do not wait too long to get evaluated or treated. • Try to be active and exercise.. • Set realistic goals for yourself. • Break up large tasks into small ones, • Try to spend time with other people and confide in a trusted friend or relative.. • Do not expect to suddenly "snap out of" your depression. • Postpone important decisions until you feel better • Remember that positive thinking will replace negative thoughts as your depression responds to treatment. • Continue to educate yourself about depression. Resurection Church

13. How Can I Help Others? • If you know someone who is depressed, it affects you too. • The most important thing you can do is help your friend or relative get a diagnosis and treatment. • Offer emotional support, understanding, patience, and encouragement. • Talk to him or her, and listen carefully. • Never dismiss feelings, but point out realities and offer hope. • Never ignore comments about suicide, and report them to your loved one's therapist or doctor. • Invite your loved one out for walks, outings and other activities. Keep trying if he or she declines, but don't push him or her to take on too much too soon. • Provide assistance in getting to the doctor's appointments. • Remind your loved one that with time and treatment, the depression will lift. Resurection Church

14. Who Can Help? • Your health care provider • Mental Health Resources • Mental health specialists, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, or mental health counselors • Health maintenance organizations • Community mental health centers • Hospital psychiatry departments and outpatient clinics • Mental health programs at universities or medical schools • State hospital outpatient clinics • Family services, social agencies, or clergy • Peer support groups • Private clinics and facilities • Employee assistance programs • Local medical and/or psychiatric societies • You can also check the phone book under "mental health," "health," "social services," "hotlines," or "physicians" for phone numbers and addresses. An emergency room doctor also can provide temporary help and can tell you where and how to get further help. Resurection Church

15. Philippians 4:13 I can do all things through Him who strengthens me. Mike Wallace • I was copeless. Not just hopeless, but copeless. I tried to keep on working because I was ashamed of acknowledging the fact that I was depressed. You don't use that word. • You know, you become crazy. I had done a story for '60 Minutes' on depression previously, but I had no idea that I was now experiencing it. Finally, I collapsed and just went to bed. Resurection Church

16. DementiaMary Waldo

17. Alzheimer’s Association • Video - FACTS Resurection Church

18. Dementia: What is it? • Group of symptoms reflect disorder of brain • Cannot think well enough to do normal activities • Lose problem solving ability and ability to control emotions • May change personality, become agitated • See things that are not there • Not only memory loss • At Least Two: Memory, communication and language , ability to focus and pay attention, reasoning and judgment, visual perception • NOT a normal part of aging Resurection Church

19. Types • Alzheimer's: 60 to 80% • Vascular Dementia: second most common dementia type. • Many other conditions that can cause symptoms of dementia, including some that are reversible, such as thyroid problems and vitamin deficiencies. Resurection Church

20. Alzheimer’s Disease • Initial: difficulty remembering names and recent events, apathy and depression • Later: impaired judgment, disorientation, confusion, behavior changes and difficulty speaking, swallowing and walking. • Three stages, starts before the development of symptoms. • Brain changes: • deposits of the plaques • tangles • evidence of nerve cell damage and death Resurection Church

21. Vascular Dementia • Second most common cause of dementia • Initial: Impaired judgment or ability to plan steps needed to complete a task • Microscopic bleeding and blood vessel blockage. • Location determines how thinking and physical functioning are affected. • Brain changes of several types of dementia can be present Resurection Church

22. Other Types • Lewy Body • Frontaltemporal Lobe • Parkinsons • Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus • Creutzfeldt-Jacob • Hunnington’s Disease Resurection Church

23. Ten Warning Signs of AD • Memory loss disrupts daily life • Challenges in planning or solving problems • Difficulty completing familiar tasks • Confusion with time or place • Difficulty with visual images, spatial relationships • New problems with words in speaking or writing • Misplacing things and losing ability to retrace steps • Decreased or poor judgment • Withdrawal • Change in mood/personality Resurection Church

24. Alzheimer’s • Risk Factors • Age, genetics, family history • Diagnosis • There is no single test that can show whether a person has Alzheimer's. • Difficult to determine the exact cause of dementia. • Diagnosing Alzheimer's includes: • A thorough medical history • Mental status testing • A physical and neurological exam • Tests (such as blood tests and brain imaging) to rule out other causes of dementia-like symptoms Resurection Church

25. What Can I Do? • Prevent repeated head trauma • Increase health of your heart • Blood pressure • Heart disease • Stoke • Diabetes • High cholesterol • Improve overall health Resurection Church

26. No Cure for Alzheimer’s • Cannot cure Alzheimer’s or stop it from progressing • Medications may help lessen symptoms, such as memory loss and confusion, for a limited time. Resurection Church

27. Other Medications • Antidepressants for low mood and irritability: • Anxiolytics for anxiety, restlessness, verbally disruptive behavior and resistance: • Antipsychotic medications for hallucinations, delusions, aggression, agitation, hostility and uncooperativeness Resurection Church

28. Changes in Sleep • Normal changes in sleep with aging more frequent and severe if have Alzheimer’s, especially in later stages • Wake up more often, stay awake longer • May wander, be unable to lie still, or yell or call out • Sleep during day • Sundowning • May have a cause other than Alzheimer’s Resurection Church

29. Video • Caregiver situation • Small group discussion: Thoughts about what you would do in a similar situation • Care for your loved one • Care for yourself Resurection Church

30. Caregiver Coping • Monitor personal comfort. • Avoid being confrontational or arguing about facts • Redirect the person's attention. • Create a calm environment. • Allow adequate rest between stimulating events. • Provide a security object. • Acknowledge requests, and respond to them. • Look for reasons behind each behavior. Explore various solutions. • Don't take the behavior personally, and share your experiences with others. Resurection Church