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Explore findings from the first British survey on unfair treatment, discrimination, bullying, and sexual harassment at work. Learn about survey design, aims, and results to drive equality initiatives.
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The Fair Treatmentat Work SurveyEquality and Diversity Forum, London, 18 July 2007 Grant FitznerDirector, Employment Market Analysis and ResearchDepartment for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory ReformWeb pages: www.berr.gov.uk/employment/research-evaluationgrant.fitzner@berr.gsi.gov.uk
Structure of presentation • About the survey – What is the FTWS? • Design of FTWS • sample design, survey structure, survey content • Unfair treatment at work • Discrimination at work • Workplace bullying • Sexual harassment • Concluding remarks
What is FTWS? • First British survey of employees to explore unfair treatment, bullying and sexual harassment at work • Asks questions on two levels: • about personal experience (self) • and about awareness of treatment of others in workplace • Used to explore all six equality strands • and many other potential causes of unfair treatment
Fieldwork • Cognitive and pilot test • Main fieldwork – November 2005 to January 2006 • Nearly 4,000 face-to-face interviews achieved • Boost of sub groups: ethnicity, young, old, religion
Aims and objectives • Comprehensive survey of unfair treatment, discrimination, bullying and sexual harassment • Robust and reliable statistical instrument • and a discrete set of questions in future surveys • Statistically representative sample • Of sufficient size to do breakdowns • A baseline for monitoring and evaluation • Contribute to DTI’s research programme on the nature and causes of racial discrimination at work
Caveats • This is a complex survey • seven major questions • two different population bases • The survey reports employee’s perception • these are subjective,and will vary between individualsand groups • Care must be taken when interpretingthese findings
Question 11 • In the last two years with your employer, have you PERSONALLY been treatedunfairly because of any of the following? • Age • Gender • Nationality • Religion • Race or ethnic group • Sexual orientation (e.g. gay, straight, lesbian, bi-sexual etc.) • Disability • Long-term illness • Marital status • Political beliefs • Colour of skin • Physical appearance • The way they dress • Being pregnant • Union membership • Accent or the way they speak • Address or where they live • Social class • Other • No
Incidence of personal unfair treatment • Around 1.6 million or 6.9% of employees said they had personally been treated unfairly at work in the last two years • Only small differences by sex, religion or sector • But disabled employees twice as high (15%) • Gay, lesbian and bisexual also high (14%) • Also differences by race/ethnicity • Black employees (12.5%) • Asian employees (8.0%) • White employees (6.5%)
Employees reporting personal unfair treatment at work in last 2 yrs, by type
Incidence of personal unfair treatment, bullying and sexual harassment • Around 2.1 million or 8.9% of employees said they had personally experienced unfair treatment, bullying or sexual harassment in last 2 years • Only small differences by sex – 8.0 per cent for males vs. 9.9 per cent for females • Disabled employees very high – 19.7 per cent vs. 7.6 per cent non-disabled • Also differences by race/ethnicity Non-white (11.2%) White employees (8.6%)
Unfair treatment of others at work • One in seven (14.0%) employees who worked with others said they were aware of others at work being treated unfairly • More likely to be reported by: • disabled employees (21%) • gay, lesbian or bisexual employees (18%) • black employees (17%) • public sector employees (17%) • But 85% of all employees neither experienced unfair treatment themselves, nor aware of any other person at work being treated unfairly
Incidence of discrimination at work • Around one in every thirty employees (3.5%) reported discrimination at work, as defined here • Of the six equality strands, disability and long-term illness was the most common (1.2%) • Followed by race-related discrimination (1.1%), gender (0.9%), age (0.8%) and religion (0.2%) • Sexual orientation was lowest • too small to be reported
Incidence of workplace bullying • Almost one million employees (3.8%) said they had personally experienced bullying or harassment at work in the last two years • Women (4.9%) more likely to have been bullied than men (2.8%) • Even higher amongst disabled employees • especially high amongst disabled women • No significant differences by age or ethnicity • Over one in ten (10.6%) of employees who worked with others said they were aware of others at work being bullied or harassed
Incidence of sexual harassment • Much lower than bullying • only 9 in every thousand employees (0.9%) • More women (1.1%) than men (0.7%) • though men account for two-fifths • Disabled employees five times as likely as non-disabled to be sexually harassed • Managers twice as likely as non-managers • Almost 4% of employees who worked with others said they were aware of others at work being sexually harassed
Some key findings for researchers • Black and disabled employees suffer a much higher incidence of unfair treatment than other groups • Unfair treatment on the basis of long-term illness was twice as common as for disability • Almost one million employees have experienced workplace bullying in the last two years • and particularly high for disabled women • Younger workers are more likely to report age discrimination than older workers • Two-fifths of those sexually harassed are men
A mixed picture • Vast majority of employees (85%) say they areare unaffected and unaware of unfair treatment • But a sizeable minority of employees have experienced some form of unfair treatment in the last two years
A complex picture • Some types of unfair treatment and discrimination seem quite straight-forward (e.g. age) • Others are more clustered (e.g. race) • race and ethnic group, nationality, colour of skin • Unfair treatment is not evenly dispersed • appears to be clustered in certain workplaces • and among specific groups
Related EMAR research • Second Fair Treatment at Work Survey • some scope for extension • looking for research partners • Maternity and Paternity Rights Survey 2007 • unfair treatment of women due to pregnancy • 2006 British Social Attitudes Survey • Work-Life Balance Employer Survey 2007 • Vulnerable workers research • Equalities Data Review Task Force