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Aging Species

Aging Species. Methods of Growth and Repair in Living Organisms. Assimilation: Process of changing food substances Growth: Process of increasing size Need balance of nutrients to sustain growth Nutrient deficiency may cause disease, stunted maturity, and death Repair

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Aging Species

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  1. Aging Species

  2. Methods of Growth and Repair in Living Organisms • Assimilation: • Process of changing food substances • Growth: • Process of increasing size • Need balance of nutrients to sustain growth • Nutrient deficiency may cause disease, stunted maturity, and death • Repair • Replacement of worn or damaged parts

  3. Anatomy • Study of the form, shape, and appearance • Anatomy helps determine how an animal survives in their environment

  4. Locomotion • Locomotion refers to how animals move • Examples: swimming, walking, flying, running, etc.

  5. Physiology • Study of how the parts of an anatomy function • Systems include: • Skeletal, digestive, respiratory, muscular, circulatory, nervous, excretory, and reproductive

  6. Consists of bones giving animal shape Protects organs Systems can be internal or external (exoskeleton Vertebrates are animals with backbones Skeletal System

  7. Decomposes food 2 major types Ruminants: animals has stomach that is divided into four categories Omasum Reticulum Rumen Abomasum Monogastric Simple stomach with one compartment Digestive System

  8. Animals take in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide Land species have lungs Water species have gills Respiratory System

  9. Provides support and allows for movement Attached to skeletal system Muscular System

  10. Moves blood through an organism Main organ is the heart Works closely with the respiratory system Circulatory System

  11. Removes waste Urine, feces, and perspiration Excretory System

  12. Connects brain activity with muscles Main part is spinal cord Nervous System

  13. Reproductive System • Enables an organism to produce offspring • Can be sexual or asexual • Sexual: requires union of sperm and an egg • Asexual: cloning exact offspring

  14. Reproduction • May occur internally or externally, depends on species • Most large animals reproduce by internal mating • Sexual union between male and female, known as copulation • Once egg is fertilized by sperm, female carry young in their uterus (gestation) • After partruition (birth) the young receive nourishment from its mother’s milk • Birds lay eggs and incubate them • Fish, reptiles, and amphibians lay eggs that are externally fertilized

  15. Age and Sex Structure • Reflects the current status of a wildlife population • Age and sex composition are indicative of: • Habitat quality • Health factors • Behavioral conditions • Of a population is used to estimate future declines or increases in the number of animals, and to recommend the appropriate management of the animal

  16. Age Determination • Embryonic Development: • Fetal measurements: use measurement devices to determine weeks/days to parturition • Candling: process by which a light source is utilized to illuminate the contents of an egg to determine fertility or maturation • Flotation: • Fresh egg will sink • A partially developed embryo will float with the blunt end uppermost • A decomposing egg will float on its side

  17. Morphological Features • Size and weight of the animals • Hind foot lengths • Pelt primeness • Development and wear of teeth • Development and wear of feathers • Development of genitalia

  18. Sex Determination • Genitalia • Secondary Sex Characteristics • Antler development • Spur development • Plumage differences • Droppings • Courtship behavior and urination postures

  19. Whitetail Deer • Sex • Physical characteristics (Body Size / Snout Length) • Does • Fawn • Buck • Age • Antler Characteristics • Ear width • Ear length • Number of Antler Points

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