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Future Internet Architecture: Ad Hoc Networking via Named Data MobiArch’10, September 24, 2010, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 汇报人:陈小惠. 论文题目 Ad Hoc Networking via Named Data 论文作者 Michael Meisel ( UCLA ) Vasileios Pappas ( IBM Research ) Lixia Zhang ( UCLA ) 实验室
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Future Internet Architecture:Ad Hoc Networking via Named DataMobiArch’10, September 24, 2010, Chicago, Illinois, USA 汇报人:陈小惠
论文题目 Ad Hoc Networking via Named Data • 论文作者 Michael Meisel(UCLA) Vasileios Pappas(IBM Research) Lixia Zhang(UCLA) • 实验室 Internet Research Lab in University of California, Los Angeles
提纲 • 论文背景 • 互联网发展趋势 • 传统解决方案 • Named Data Networking • NDN for Ad-Hoc Networks • LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
论文背景(调研补充) • 项目来源 A Survey of the Research on Future Internet Architectures, IEEE Communication Magazines 2011.7
论文背景(调研补充) • 项目来源 Future Internet Architecture (FIA) program NSF2010 & $ 8 million & 3years Named Data Networking Mobility First FIA NEBULA eXpressive Internet Architecture http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=117611&org=NSF&from=news
论文背景(调研补充) • 课题题目: Named Data Networking • 课题承担人: Lixia Zhang, UCLA • 合作机构:
互联网发展趋势(调研补充) 年均增长率最高 • 互联网流量与日俱增,2014年将会达到2010年的3倍,而其中视频数据的比例将越来越高 • 移动网络数据流量剧增,2014年将达到2010年的16倍,其中视频数据将达到20倍。 数据来源:Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2009-2014, 2010.6
提纲 • 论文背景 • 互联网发展趋势 • 传统解决方案 • Named Data Networking • NDN for Ad-Hoc Networks • LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
传统解决方案- The IP-Routing-Based Approach • 无线网络中的路由协议 Proactive (WRP, DSDV…) Reactive (DSR, AODV…) Hybrid proactive-reactive (ZRP, HARP…) • 现有基于IP路由机制的共性 1. 网络中每个结点都需要分配IP地址 2. 数据发送方指定接收方地址 3. 单径路由传输数据 4. 单跳间点对点传输数据(没有利用广播特性)
传统解决方案- The IP-Routing-Based Approach • 现有解决方案的缺点 1. Infrastructure-free型移动网络,难以实现节点IP分配,(大量移动设备的出现,而IP地址有限); 2. 传统有线网络中,IP表征了拓扑位置,使得网络可以通过IP聚合实现规模化。而移动设备组成的Ad-Hoc网络中的IP由谁来分配?如果IP地址仅是一个唯一的标识,分配IP还有意义么?
传统解决方案- The IP-Routing-Based Approach • 现有解决方案的缺点 3. 次优的数据推送机制,如中途节点的Caching机制;
传统解决方案- The IP-Routing-Based Approach • 现有解决方案的缺点 4. 高动态性的大规模移动网络的路由协议开销较大; 5. 发送节点指定接收节点的地址,没有利用无线信道的广播特性。(动态性接收节点进行路由决策优于发送节点)
提纲 • 论文背景 • 互联网发展趋势 • 传统解决方案 • Named Data Networking • NDN for Ad-Hoc Networks • LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
Named Data Networking (调研补充) 也被称为CCN(Content-Centric Networks),是以数据为第一类实体的新型网络架构。 http://www.parc.com/work/focus-area/content-centric-networking/
Named Data Networking • ‘到什么地方’ ->‘要什么东西’ • IP 地址->数据名称
Named Data Networking • 3-way exchange • Name prefix announcements • Interest forwarding • Data return
Named Data Networking • 保护通信安全->保证数据安全
Named Data Networking (调研补充) FIB: Forwarding Information Base
提纲 • 论文背景 • 互联网发展趋势 • 传统解决方案 • Named Data Networking • NDN for Ad-Hoc Networks • LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
NDN for Ad-Hoc Networks • 节点不再需要分配IP地址 • 多径数据传输提升网络传输性能 路由不存在环路(没有基于IP路由表寻路) • 更佳的缓存机制,网络稳定性不再影响缓存有效性 传统传输层和IP层的缓存机制受网络稳定性的影响非常大,且传统的缓存内容为objects,而不是fragments of objects • NDN适用于各种通信网络(3G,P2P,DTN)
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks • M. Meisel, V. Pappas, and L. Zhang. Listen first,broadcast later: Topology-agnostic forwarding underhigh dynamics. Technical Report 100021, UCLAComputer Science Department, 2010. Request Phase End-to-end Communication Data Phase LFBL RP 传统路由建立 我要看变形金刚3 我要找节点B B A A B B最终响应A,确定数据传输路径 A并不知道谁会响应自己 C
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks Request Phase 接收节点决定是否转发带来了两个问题 End-to-end Communication • 我是否适合转发数据呢? • 其它哪些节点会转发数据?我要等多长时间呢? Data Phase Responder Requester LFBL转发机制
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks • 节点状态 • 距离表(N为转发节点,E为终端节点) • 三个记录的数值 • the highest sequence number • the distance from N to E • the variance of the distance from N to E • 距离表的更新 • 只要听到了广播包就进行距离表更新 • 所更新的距离为N到终端节点的距离 • srcDist + distance metric of this hop • 比较seqnum,决定是否更新distance
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks • 节点状态 • 响应表 • 数据NAME<->响应者(srcId) • 快速定位数据发布者
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks • Forwarding阶段 • 确定自身是否可为转发节点
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks • Forwarding阶段 • 确定节点的侦听时间 • A purely random listening period • The slotted random metric • The distance + variance + random (DVR) metric
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks • 仿真实验 • QualNet network simulator • PHY :802.11b 11 Mbps • MAC: CSMA MAC & 802.11 MAC • 100 nodes in 1500m by 1500m area • Query period: 100 milliseconds • Data: REQ 36B, REP 1400B
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks • 仿真实验 • Roundtrip Delay time elapsed from when a request is sent by a requester until it receives a response. • Delivery Ratio total number of packets received divided by the number of packets sent • Overhead the total number of packets sent to the MAC layer for transmission, divided by the total number of hops traversed by successfully received packets, minus one • Total data transferred
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks constant velocity of 30 meters per second using a random waypoint model.
LFBL: Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks move using a random waypoint model with no pause time and speeds between 0 and 30 meters per second