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Their Faces Toward Hope

Their Faces Toward Hope. Chapter 5. Part I. Where It All Began. Searching. United States citizens were searching for two things: Religion Land. Second Great Awakening. Early 1800s in the Eastern United States Evening prayer meetings with preachers

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Their Faces Toward Hope

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  1. Their Faces Toward Hope Chapter 5

  2. Part I Where It All Began

  3. Searching • United States citizens were searching for two things: • Religion • Land

  4. Second Great Awakening • Early 1800s in the Eastern United States • Evening prayer meetings with preachers • Specifically, New York state was full of people searching for religion.

  5. New Frontier • More than just a search for land . . . a search for a new life out west • More and more people began moving west to Oregon and California • Who are the most well-known pioneers who settled in Utah?

  6. Who were the Mormons? • “Mormon” is a nickname for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints organized under Joseph Smith in Palmyra, New York. • Called “Mormons” due to their belief in the Book of Mormon being the word of God.

  7. Who were the Mormons? • Many people believed Joseph Smith’s account of a heavenly being visiting him to tell him that none of the churches at the time were correct. • Others did not believe and made fun of Smith and other believers.

  8. New York  Ohio • The persecutionwas so bad that Smith and the other Saints left New York for Kirtland, Ohio. • They were searching for a “Zion” or a “gathering place.” • The persecution eventually became a problem in Ohio as well.

  9. Ohio  Missouri • Other Mormon settlements were in Missouri, so the rest of the Saints left Ohio for Missouri. • Persecution continued. Saints faced property damage and even violence. • The problem got so bad, Governor Boggs of Missouri gave an extermination order: “all Mormons must move or be killed.” • The church leaders were arrested and the several thousand Mormons left Missouri.

  10. Missouri  Illinois • On the desolate swampland, Mormons built what became the largest city in Illinois at the time, Nauvoo.

  11. Life in Nauvoo • A few years of peace . . . then more problems. • Even some Mormons left the church and began printing stories in the Nauvoo Expositor about young girls becoming polygamous wives for Joseph Smith. • Again, the Mormons faced property damage and violence.

  12. Martyrdom Joseph Smith, his brother Hyrum, were taken to Carthage jail. A mob stormed the prison and killed Joseph and Hyrum. The Mormons called Joseph Smith a martyr.

  13. Moving West • With their leader dead and the mobs continuing to persecute them, approximately 15,000 Mormons had to leave Nauvoo. • It was winter. • Brigham Young helped the people prepare wagons, food, and supplies.

  14. Moving West • Thousands crossed the Mississippi to camp in Iowa until spring. • Others formed a settlement in Nebraska called Winter Quarters. • To get to these places, the Mormons of all ages faced life in a wagon . . . in winter . . . with disease . . . crying children . . . and the sick and elderly needing help along the way. • Many people died waiting for spring.

  15. Why the Conflict? • Turn to page 79 in your book. Read “Misunderstanding and Conflict” in the gray box. • On your notes, put the six items in order from most to least based on what you think most caused other settlers to conflict with the Mormons. • Example: • 6 • 3 • 5 • 2 • 1 • 4

  16. Freedom of Religion? • The Bill of Rights in the Constitution guarantees all citizens the freedom of religion. Do you think the Mormons should have been allowed this freedom? • Why?

  17. Part II The Trail

  18. The Mormon Battalion A group of Mormon soldiers sent to help in the war with Mexico. The Good The Bad This left women and children to travel west without husbands, sons, and fathers. • Mormons could afford to buy supplies and food for the trip west • The battalion never had to fight any battles

  19. The Mormon Battalion

  20. Mormon Trail • The route from Winter Quarters in Nebraska to the Salt Lake Valley in the Utah Territory. • In a period of 23 years, over 70,000 Mormons used this trail on the way to Utah. • In advance of us at a great distance can be seen the outlines of mountains, loftier than any we have yet seen, the setting sun throwing its glancing rays at their summits . . . Covered with snow. ~ Horace Whitney • See pages 86 and 87 in your book for more firsthand accounts of life on the trail.

  21. The Advance Company • The first group of Mormons, led by Brigham Young, to leave from Winter Quarters. • They prepared the way for the remaining Latter-day Saints to follow. • Clearing trees and rocks • Marked the trail • Built ferries to cross rivers • Wrote guides to find adequate campsites

  22. The Advance Company • Only three were women. • Green Flake, a slave, was one of the members of the company. • He was sent by his master, a convert, to build a home for the family.

  23. Activity • Look at William Clayton’s 1848 Emigrants’ Guide on page 88 in your book. What information is he providing to help pioneers?

  24. Life on the Trail Morning: • Looked for fuel—wood, buffalo chips, sagebrush • Breakfast of soda biscuits or cornmeal johnnycakes, beans, and bacon

  25. Life on the Trail On the move: • Wagons pulled by oxen, mules, or horses • Wagons carried supplies; most people walked • Controlled stray animals from wandering away • Songs • Games and activities • Dating

  26. Stick Pull Game

  27. Life on the Trail Midday: • Called “Nooning” • Stopped for lunch • Rest for animals In the evening: • Read books • Wrote letters • Sang • Talked • Danced • Fished • Hunted • Slept in tents, under wagons, or in the open air

  28. Struggles on the Trail • Crossing Rivers • Took several days to get all the wagons and animals across the rivers • Health Problems: Heat, cold, dust, bad water, unusual food, insects, snake bites, poor sanitation • Dangerous accidents • Illness • Horses stolen by Native Americans

  29. Crossing Rivers

  30. Rocky Mountains • After a brief stop at Fort Bridger in Wyoming, the Mormons attempted to cross the Rocky Mountains. • Jim Bridger spent a night with the advance company discussing the possibility of the Great Salt Lake valley being the Mormons’ new home. • Bridger said the land was too dry to settle there.

  31. Salt Lake at Last • Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow were sent ahead to scout. • On July 22, 1847, Pratt and Snow were the first Latter-day Saints to see their new home in the Salt Lake Valley. • Brigham Young and the others of the advance company arrived two days later on July 24th. • In this dry land few other settlers would want they could live peacefully.

  32. Later Pioneer Companies • Brigham Young and other Latter-day Saints returned to Winter Quarters to help more companies of pioneers. • The remaining companies had many more women, teenagers, children, and immigrants from other countries. • Some came by land, others by boat, and eventually, others came by train.

  33. Learn More • We are fortunate to have many resources for understanding the life of pioneers: • Letters • Diaries • Tools • Other artifacts

  34. Write a Quiz • Take out a separate sheet of paper. A half sheet is fine. Use your notes to write a five question quiz. Make it a good one. • Exchange quizzes with the person next to you. Take the quiz. • Switch back and correct the quiz your partner took.

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