Look at the pictures.

1. Look at the pictures.

2. Gandhi wikipedia

3. Vampire Woman newsrescue.com

4. WWII the Atlantic

5. unknown origin Pinterest

6. hearse wikipedia

7. drag queen wikipedia

8. protestors wikipedia

9. wikipedia

10. crime scene wikimedia

11. cell phones sites.psu.edu

12. people of walmart

13. msdnblogs

14. Your turn... • Create a higher order thinking question based on the pictures. • Use the handout to help create your question. • Your question should be from the analyze, evaluate, or create/synthesis categories in Bloom’s Taxonomy or Level 3 in Costa’s Levels of Questioning. • Write the question on an index. • You do not need to include your name. • Your question should be open-ended (not answered with yes or no) and relate to the topic of deviance, crime, and/or social control.

15. Crime, Deviance, & Social Control Chapter 2

16. Deviance Section 1

17. Do Now • Is there such a thing as a victimless crime?

18. What is deviance? • Devianceis any behavior that violates social norms, and is usually of sufficient severity to warrant disapproval from the majority of society. • Deviance can be criminal or non-criminal.

19. What is Deviance? • Deviance: deviating from the norm • Deviance is relative to time and place because what is considered deviant in one social context may be non-deviant in another (e.g., fighting during a hockey game vs. fighting in a nursing home). • Killing another human is considered wrong except when governments permit it during warfare or self-defense. 

20. Criminal and non-criminal deviance • The sociological discipline that deals with crime (behavior that violates laws) is criminology (also known as criminal justice). • Americans consider such activities as alcoholism, excessive gambling, being nude in public places, playing with fire, stealing, lying, refusing to bathe, purchasing the services of prostitutes, and cross-dressing—to name only a few—as deviant.

21. Deviance is relative to place

22. Primary & Secondary Deviance • Primary Deviance: a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others. • Speeding ticket • detention • Secondary Deviance: when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society. • Troublemaker • Bad seed • Master Status: label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual • doctors, artists, grandfathers., beggars, convicts, addicts.

23. Deviance & Social TheoriesFunctionalism • How the different elements of a society contribute to the whole. • Deviance is a key component of a functioning society. • Strain theory, social disorganization theory, and cultural deviance theory

24. Deviance & Social TheoriesStrain Theory People have goals such as wealth or high status, however not all people have equal access to institutionalized means (education, jobs). Experience strain or frustration which may push toward a deviant path • You may succeed, but some people have more obstacles to prevent success than others

25. All these people reject parts of society, how do they do it? • Nun • Anarchist Party leader • Crack dealer • Teacher (not always, think of what your BAD teachers do)

26. Deviance & Social Theories Reactions to Strain Theory • Conformity: choose not to deviate. They do what they can through accepted means. • Innovators: pursue goals they cannot reach through legitimate means by instead using criminal or deviant means. (crack dealer) • Ritualism: lower their goals until they can reach them through socially acceptable ways, focus on conformity rather than attaining a dream (teacher) • Retreatism: retreat and reject society’s goals and means (nun) • Rebellion: replacing a society’s goals and means with their own (anarchist)

27. Deviance & Social Theories Social Disorganization Theory Crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control. • A person isn’t born a criminal, but becomes one over time, often based on factors in his or her social environment. • Children from disadvantaged communities who attend preschool programs that teach basic social skills are significantly less likely to engage in criminal activity.

28. Who would you rather let your kids hang out with? Why?

29. Deviance & Social Theories Cultural Deviance Theory Conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime. • Poverty, ethnic diversity, and family disruption in given localities had a strong positive correlation with social disorganization. • Social disorganization was, in turn, associated with high rates of crime and delinquency—or deviance.

30. Deviance & Social Theories Symbolic Interactionism Theory Symbolic interactionism is used to explain how societies and/or social groups come to view behaviors as deviant or conventional. • Labeling theory, differential association, and control theory fall within the realm of symbolic interactionism.

31. Deviance & Social Theories Labeling theory • Concerns the meanings people derive from one another's labels • Conforming members of society, who interpret certain behaviors as deviant and then attach this label to individuals • Labeled persons may include drug addicts, alcoholics, criminals, delinquents, prostitutes, sex offenders, disabled people, and psychiatric patients, to mention a few.

32. Deviance & Social Theories Labeling Theory Labeling theory examines the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society. • Basically stereotypes encourage or discourage our interactions with certain people/groups • what is considered deviant changes over time and can vary significantly across cultures

33. What do you think of these people?

34. Deviance & Social Theories Differential association theory • Howpeople learn deviance. • According to this theory, the environmentplays a major role in deciding which norms people learn to violate. • People also learn their norms from various socializing agents—parents, teachers, ministers, family, friends, co-workers, and the media. • Example: Gangs glorify violence, retaliation, and crime as means to achieving social status.

35. Deviance & Social Theories Differential Association Theory Suppose that some friends have invited you to a night club. When you get there, you notice that everyone seems unusually happy-almost giddy would be a better word. They seem to be euphoric in their animated conversations and dancing. Your friends tell you that almost everyone here has taken the drug Ecstasy, and they invite you to take some with them. What makes you decide to conform? What makes you decide to not follow along with the crowd? Individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.

36. Deviance & Social Theories Control Theory • People have various restraints: internal controls, such as conscience, values, integrity, morality, and the desire to be a “good person”. • They have outer controls, such as police, family, friends, and religious authorities. • Sanctions - consequences

37. Deviance & Social Theories Control Theory Social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds. deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society. There are four types of social bonds that connect people to society: • Attachment • Commitment • Involvement • Belief • Attachment measures our connections to others • Commitmentrefers to the investments we make in the community. • Levels of involvementinclude participation in socially legitimate activities • A beliefis an agreement on common values in society.

38. Deviance & Social Theories Conflict Theory Looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance. • Unlike functionalists, conflict theorists don’t see these factors as positive functions of society, but as evidence of inequality in the system. • Power Elite: small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources. • the rules of society are stacked in favor of a privileged few who manipulate them to stay on top.

39. Celebrities get special treatment: • http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/video/celebrities-special-treatment-hands-law-11322858 • Opposite view: • http://www.today.com/video/today/38123170

40. Wrap up • What is Deviance? • How might a functionalist describe deviance? • How might a symbolic Interactionist describe deviance? • How might a conflict theorist describe deviance?

41. Crime Section 2

42. Recap Deviance • Symbolic Interactionism: • Labeling Theory: we become what we are perceived to be i.e. whore, pervert, princess, etc. • Differential assoc. theory: we are who we hang out with (Agents of Soc.) • Control Theory: Social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society. • Structural Functionalism: • Strain Theory: desiring a cultural goal (success), but being denied the means of achieving the goal (i.e. money), • Innovators, ritualists, retreatists, rebels, conformists • Social Disorganization Theory: Crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control. • Cultural Deviance Theory: Conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime. • Conflict Theory: • Looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance. • Power Elite

43. How safe is your community? • http://www.city-data.com/crime/crime-Tower-City-Pennsylvania.html

44. Do now • Why is there crime?

45. What is crime? • Behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.

46. Crime • Legal codes maintain formal social control through laws. Types of Crimes • Violent • Nonviolent • Street Crime • Corporate Crime • Victimless Crime

47. Street Crime • Offenses committed by ordinary people against other people or organizations in public. • Robbery, burglary, drug dealing, prostitution, pimping, gambling.

48. “White Collar Crime” • Crimes committed by people of respectable and high social status in the course of their occupations (job) • Bribery of public officials, securities violations, embezzlement, false advertising and price fixing, identity theft

49. Corporate Crime • Crimes committed by executives in order to benefit their corporations • http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/tue-july-9-2002/corporate-criminals

50. Criminal Justice System • Police • Judges • Prisons • Parole officers • All that deals with people who are accused of having committed a crime.