How to Avoid Plagiarism

1. How to Avoid Plagiarism Christine McLaughlin, Director Academic Success Center Marge Lippincott, Dean of Information Technology and Learning Resources

2. What is Plagiarism? • “Plagiarism is using others' ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information.” Owl, the Purdue On-line Writing Lab. Purdue University. Jan. 31, 2003. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html#Print

3. When Do You Cite a Source? • When you use the author’s exact words • When you borrow the author’s ideas

4. Do Not Cite Thesis Topic sentences Information considered common knowledge Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales Islam, Christianity, and Judiasm are three major religions practiced in America. Personal experience Your comments about the research Cite Anything from a source other than yourself What Do You Cite?

5. How do You Cite Sources in a Paper?MLA Documentation • Place a parenthesis at the end of the sentence that contains the source information. • Insert the author’s last name and page number of the information cited. Example: (Smith 25).

6. In-Text Citations of Electronic Resources • Try to avoid parenthetical references. • Use direct references in the text to the name of the author or sponsoring agency.

7. Examples: • Known Author: William J. Mitchell'sCity of Bits discusses architecture and urban life in the context of the digital telecommunications revolution. A Known Sponsor: • More companies today are using data mining to unlock hidden value in their data. The data mining program "Clementine," described at the SPSS Web site, helps organizations predict market share and detect possible fraud.

8. How Do You Cite Sources at the End of the Paper? • Attach a Works Cited page at the end of your paper. • List sources of information. • Use MLA documentation style. • List sources alphabetically by authors’ last names.

9. Ways to Avoid Plagiarism in Your Research Paper • Cite all of the following: • Paraphrase • Summary • Direct Quote

10. How to Paraphrase • State the meaning in your own words. • Include all relevant material. • Be accurate. • Sound like yourself. • Cite the original source.

11. Example of Paraphrasing • Original • “Today, English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a mother tongue” (McCrum et al. 19). • Paraphrase • In the beginning of the twenty-first century, 750 million individuals speak English and less than half that number use it as their native language (McCrum et al. 19).

12. How to Summarize • Identify author’s name and title of work – in your first sentence. • State the author’s main idea – in your first sentence. • Paraphrase all major points of the work. • Present ideas in the same order as in the original.

13. Example of Summarizing In Daina Savage’s article “Weird Al Yankovic: No Amish Expert,” she interviews Weird Al to reveal his inspiration for his CD Bad Hair Day. A song on the CD entitled “Amish Paradise” is a parody of rap artist Coolio’s “Gangsta’s Paradise.” Savage discovers that Yankovic “was content to simply use Amish stereotypes” as the basis for his research (1-2).

14. Omit your own comments or opinions. Omit any minor details and points. Add quotation marks if you use a word or phrase from the original. Add the author’s name within your summary as a reminder that you are summarizing. What to Omit and Add

15. When to Quote • When you use the author’s exact words. • When the original sentence is difficult to paraphrase.

16. How to Quote • Smith writes that “---------” (25). • Smith writes, “------------” (25). • Smith writes about his experiences in the desert: “-------------” (25).

17. Examples of Quoting • Savage writes that “Yankovic makes no pretense at achieving authenticity . . .” (2). • Savage writes, “Yankovic makes no pretense at achieving authenticity . . .” (2). • Savage notes Yankovic’s lack of originality: “Yankovic makes no pretense at achieving authenticity . . .” (2).

18. Works Cited: Book • Book: Single Author • Author(s). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. • Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999.

19. Works Cited: Magazine or Newspaper • Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Source Day Month Year: pages. • Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too- Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71.

20. Works Cited : Scholarly Journal • Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Vol (Year): pages. • Allen, Emily. "Staging Identity: Frances Burney's Allegory of Genre." Eighteenth-Century Studies 31 (1998): 433-51.

21. Works Cited: Electronic Database Author, Arthur A. "Title of article" (in quotation marks). Title of full work (underlined or in italics) volume.issue (Date): paging or indicator of length. Name of database (underlined or in italics). Access date and <web address>.

22. Works Cited: Electronic Database • Bleich, Eric. "From International Ideas to Domestic Policies: Educational Multiculturalism in England and France ." Comparative Politics 31.1 (Oct. 1998): 81-90. Expanded Academic ASAP. Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT. 2 Aug. 2000 <http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/middlebury _main?db=EAIM>. • Note:"Access date" should indicate the date you visited the website. "Full web address" should be the main address or login screen for the database. It is not necessary to put the exact address of the article, since it is usually VERY long.

23. Works Cited: Internet Source • Author, Alan A. Title of www page (underlined or in italics). Sponsoring institution or organization (if professional site). Access date and <Full web address>.

24. Works Cited: Internet Sources • Example of Professional Internet Site: • 1492: An Ongoing Voyage.Library of Congress. 21 May 1998 <http://sunsite.unc.edu/expo/1492.exhibit /Intro.html>. • Note. "Access date" should indicate the date you visited the website; this is important because online information is frequently altered.

25. Works Cited • Citing Electronic Resources - MLA. Middlebury College Library. Jan. 31, 2003. <http://www.middlebury.edu/~lib/citing.mla.html>. • Guffey, Mary Ellen. “MLA Style Electronic Format.” Communication@Work.. Jan. 31, 2003. <http://www.westwords.com/guffey/mla.html>. • Owl, the Purdue On-line Writing Lab. Purdue University. Jan. 31, 2003. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html#Print>. • Writing Tutorial Services. Indiana University. Jan. 31, 2003. <http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/wts/plagiarism.html>.