Inside the Earth

1. Inside the Earth What are we walking on?

2. Earth Layers • The Earth is divided into four main layers. *__________ *__________ *_________ *_________

3. ____________________ * The Earth’s crust is like the skin of an______________. It is very thin compared to the other three layers. • *The crust makes up ______________of the Earth. * The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called______________.

4. _______________ The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans(________________crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (__________________ crust).

5. Outer layer 5-100 km thick 2 types of crust Oceanic(very______, made of basalt) Continental (less dense, made of_______________) The Crust

6. Granite/_______Basalt/__________ _

7. ___________________ • The mantle is the layer _____________ the crust. • The mantle is the _________________ layer of the Earth. • The mantle is divided into two regions: the upper and lower sections.

8. ____________________ * The core of the Earth is like a ball of very______________. * The outer core is________________. * The outer core is made up of __________and is very dense.

9. Inner Core * The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move. * The inner core is a solid.

10. How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg? Shell=____________ Egg white=________ Yolk=____________ Earth’s Layers

11. Physical Structure of the Earth • _________________________- rigid outer layer (crust) • __________________________- solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt)

12. _______________ • The lithosphere (geosphere) is the “_________" part of Earth. It has ___________parts, the crust and the___________________________. • The lithosphere “_________________ on the” asthenosphere. • The ____________________are the lithosphere. • It is the rocky, solid portion of the crust. Remember that it is made up of mostly _______________( Si) and Oxygen (O).

13. _____________________ • This is the layer below the lithosphere. This layer is “__________________________”. • It is somewhat solid/liquid. • You can say that it is___________________. • Very important in terms of_________________________________.

15. _________________________ • Earth’s crust is broken into about ____________pieces • These plates move on top of the __________________________________

16. Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries

17. Plate Tectonics • In____________, scientist were able to use ________________ ___________and sea-floor spreading to come up with the idea of ______________ _____________________. • Plate tectonics is the ________________that the Earth’s ______________and the _______________mantle are __________________into sections called__________________.

18. Plate Tectonics • With this ____________________scientists concluded that _________________move around on the_______________– like mantle. • How? • The lithosphere is __________dense than the_______________________, so the lithosphere “ ________________” on the asthenosphere.

19. Plate Tectonics • Plate tectonics is caused by the internal heat of the Earth • ____________________________is the upper levels of the mantle that are hot and _______enough to permit a plastic flow. • ______________heat causes convection flows in asthenosphere • Molten material from asthenosphere wells up at oceanic rifts, producing seafloor spreading, and is returned to the asthenosphere in _______________________ ______________. • As one end of a plate is subducted back into the________________, it helps to pull the rest of the plate along

20. Plate Tectonics • So what does this mean? • This means that _________________can move around and have the _________________to collide, move_______________ from each other. • This is what creates_____________________, mountains, and_____________________.

21. Types Of Plate Boundaries On Earth • There are three types of plate boundaries: • __________________________________ • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________

22. __________________Boundaries • The Great Rift Valley in ___________________is a good example of a _______________________boundary, the valley is formed because 2 ____________________plates are moving _________________ from each other.

23. ______________________Boundaries • Just like the word says, ___________boundary means that the plates are moving ______from each other. This is the kind of boundary that we talk about with sea-floor spreading. • Example the__________________ Plate is moving away from the _______________ American plate. • What does this mean for the Atlantic ocean?

24. ______________Boundaries Examples • Sea-Floor Spreading would be a good example of a __________________boundary. • _________________ is growing everyday, because it ______________in the middle of a divergent boundary- the mid-________________ ridge.

25. __________________Boundaries • ____________________boundaries occur when 2 plates are__________________. • There are________ types of convergent boundaries: • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________

26. Ocean-Continental • When the ____________________ crust collides with ______________________crust

27. Ocean- Continental • Because __________________ crust is lighter than ______________________crust, oceanic crust will create a __________________zone. • Meaning the oceanic crust will _______________underneath the continental crust. • This often creates deep ocean trenches and ___________________mountains like the _________________mountains in Peru and the ______________________ in _________________________________.

28. ____________-_________________ • When_____________ oceanic plates collide, the _______________ plate will subduct under the ______________dense plate.

29. Ocean-Ocean Boundaries • Again, a deep sea __________________is formed, and _______________magma to rise and form new _________________ mountains. • The islands of _____________were formed this way. • Trenches are formed as well, example the ____________________Trench( Pacific Plate converging with the Philippine plate).

30. _______________-_____________ • When ___________ continental plates collide. Since both plates are_____________ dense than the material in the asthenosphere, _______ ______________________occurs.

31. Continental-Continental • So the_______________ plates meet and _____________________ up; forming_________________________. • Like the __________________mountains in India. • They were formed when ________________slammed into the __________________plate.

32. How The Himalayans Were Born. • Movement Of _______________and Sri Lanka _________________. Slams into the Eurasian Plate

33. Himalayans • These_______ plates are Still colliding.

34. ________________Fault Boundary • This occurs when ________________plates are ________________past each other. • They slide in ___________________ directions or in the______________ direction. • Example: The ______________________in Ca. • The ____________________American Plate is sliding past the __________________plate.