Systems of the Body

1. Systems of the Body SNC2D

2. The Integumentary System • Made up of skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, scent glands and sebaceous (oil) glands • Sweat glands secret sweat; evaporation of sweat cools the body when it is overheated. • Oil glands produce oils that lubricate, waterproof, and help skin infections. A plugged oil gland looks like a blackhead

3. The Digestive System • Digestive system transports nutrients through the body by the absorption of nutrients • Absorption is the process by which food that has already been broken down passes through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream • Absorption mainly takes place in the small intestine

4. The Digestive System • The process of digestion is as follows: • Mouth – teeth, tongue and saliva • Esophagus – “peristalsis” – movement of food in rythmic waves • Stomach – physical digestion through churning action and mixing with digestive juices such as acid and enzymes • Liver – secretes bile into the intestine, which breaks up fat and helps with absorption • Pancreas – secrets insulin to break down sugars • Intestines – reabsorbs water, absorbs nutrients through large surface area • Rectus and Anus – storage of waste materials until elimination occurs

5. The Respiratory System • Function is to obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide • Oxygen is needed for carrying out life processes of the cell as well as for breaking down food to produce energy • When you inhale through your mouth or nose, your rib cage rises and your diaphragm contracts and moves downward to increase the size of your chest cavity while decreasing the air pressure in the cavity

6. The Respiratory System • When you exhale, your rib cage lowers and your diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, decreasing the size of your chest cavity.

7. The Respiratory System

8. The Respiratory System • When you breathe in air through your nose and mouth, the air passes through the pharynx (throat) into your trachea. • How It Works: • Air moves down the trachea to the bronchus, into smaller bronchial tubes, and then into tiny air sacs, called alveoli. • The alveoli are surrounded by thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries. Each lung contains about 150 million alveoli. • Oxygen travels from the alveoli through the capillaries into the blood.

9. The Circulatory System • The circulatory system is the blood’s transportation system • The circulatory system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels called arteries, veins and capillaries. • The heart acts as a pump to transport and regulate the flow of blood through a series of blood vessels. • Arteries carry blood away from the heart • Veins carry blood back to the heart. Veins contain valves that stop blood from flowing backward. • Network of capillaries connects veins and arteries

10. The Circulatory System • Oxygen and carbon dioxide flow in and out of the capillaries, which are one cell thick. • If blood has more oxygen than tissues, oxygen will be moved, or “diffused” across the capillary walls into the tissues. • Carbon dioxide and other wastes “diffuse” from the tissues to the capillaries • Blood brings the carbon dioxide to the lungs

11. Aorta Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Artery Into the left Atrium from the Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary Vein Right Atrium Left Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava Right Ventricle

12. The Circulatory System • http://www.sciencesource2.ca/resources/SS_active_art/active_art/SEinteractive_gr10_ch02_pg70/index.html

13. The Excretory System • Filters waste products from the blood • Maintains proper levels of water and electrolytes in the body • This system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and skin • When blood flows through your kidneys, waste is removed by filters called nephrons. This waste is called urine • The urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder where it is stored until elimination, which occurs through the urethra.

14. The Excretory System • The skin is part of this system because it excretes waste through sweat Possible Discomforts • GOUT – body accumulates more than usual amount of uric acid which gets stored in parts of body such as toe joints. Kidney stones can also form due to gout. • Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) – This is caused by bacteria in the urethra blocking the flow of urine

15. The Endocrine System(info not found in textbook) • This system regulates mood, growth and development, metabolism as well as reproductive processes • Often works together with nervous system • This system includes hormones and glands • Hormone levels can become unbalanced by factors such as stress or infection • Gland is a group of cells that produces chemicals as well. A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, changes these materials and use them somewhere else in the body

16. The Lymphatic System(info not found in textbook) • The main purpose of this system is to protect your body against disease • LYMPH is a colourless fluid containing white blood cells • Lymph circulates through the body coating cells in nutrients and oxygen while collecting harmful materials. • Lymph nodes are small nodules which act as filters to trap unwanted substances in the lymph. They also produce more white blood cells.

17. The Reproductive System • ASK YOUR PARENTS

18. You will learn about the skeletal, muscle, nervous, and organ systems during your computer lab on Friday

19. TASK: Create 5 questions, puzzles, bonus questions, ANYTHING for EACH of the following information:Section 1.3: Cell Specialization and RegenerationSection 2.1: Organs in Plant and AnimalsSection 2.2: Organ Systems in Plant and AnimalsTomorrow will be a review work period!