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TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT AND HEALTH

Karen Van Aerden. TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT AND HEALTH. Causineq sYMPOSIUM , 21/10/2019. Objectives. To gain insight into the relationship between different employment types and health. To compare Belgium to the other EU countries in terms of employment types.

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TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT AND HEALTH

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  1. Karen Van Aerden TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT AND HEALTH CausineqsYMPOSIUM, 21/10/2019

  2. Objectives

  3. To gain insight into the relationship between different employment types and health • To compare Belgium to the other EU countries in terms of employment types To validate a typological approach towards labour market position or employment situation To draw policy-relevant conclusions in order to tackle social inequalities in health Titel van de presentatie

  4. Methodology

  5. Data and Methods • DATA • European WorkingConditions Survey (Eurofound): wave 4 (2005), wave 5 (2010) and wave 6 (2015) • Generations & Gender Programme Survey: Belgian data from wave 1 (2008) • METHODS • Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCCA) to construct a typology • Descriptive analyses to map out the distribution, evolution and socio-economic profile of employment types • Binary Logistic Regression Analyses to investigate the relationships with health Titel van de presentatie

  6. Labour market Typology • DIFFERENT TYPES OF (WAGED) EMPLOYMENT • Rearrange employees into a limitednumber of categoriesbased on theirsimilarity • Use information aboutrespondents’ workingconditionsand relations • Different resultaccordingtothe sample used (Europe <-> Belgium) • LABOUR MARKET POSITIONS • Add three extra categories of respondents • Self-employed, unemployed, otheractivitystatuses Titel van de presentatie

  7. Rights Working times Training Rewards Formal relations EMPLOYMENT QUALITY Stability Informal relations Employment quality sum scale Precarious intensive Precarious unsustainable Instrumental Portfolio Standard Titel van de presentatie

  8. GGS results (Belgium)

  9. Labour market typology • Six labour market positions • Standard jobs • Instrumental jobs • Precarious jobs • Portfolio jobs • Self-employed • Unemployed Derived from LCCA, using 9 employment conditions indicators Added to the typology as extra categories Titel van de presentatie

  10. theoretical model Causation Labour market position Household context Social support Psychosocial reactions Social/material deprivation Health and well-being Titel van de presentatie

  11. Poor general health • Red = basic model controlled for sex and age • Purple = model additionally controlled for household situation, home ownership, material deprivation, financial situation and social support Titel van de presentatie

  12. Poor Mental health • Red = basic model controlled for sex and age • Purple = model additionally controlled for household situation, home ownership, material deprivation, financial situation and social support Titel van de presentatie

  13. EWCS results (Europe)

  14. Validation of the typological approach • TWO TYPES OF PRECARIOUS EMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE • Precarious intensive employment: overall low quality, full-time, adverse working time arrangements • Precarious unsustainable employment: overall low quality, part-time, low monthly income • <--> ANALYSES FOR BELGIUM • Only one type of precarious employment emerges • Employment quality profile mainly resembles the dominant form of precarious employment in Belgium, namely precarious unsustainable employment Titel van de presentatie

  15. Distribution in eu countries • Prevalence of precarious intensive jobs (blue) versus prevalence of precarious unsustainable jobs (orange) in EU countries • Pattern most clear for precarious intensive employment: low in Western and Northern countries, high in Eastern and Southern countries • Countries with a high share of one type of precarious employment often have a lower share of the other type of precarious employment Titel van de presentatie

  16. Evolution over time • Overall employment quality: slight increase from 2005 to 2015 • Increase in standard jobs and precarious unsustainable jobs • Decrease in instrumental jobs and precarious intensive jobs • Share of portfolio employment stable over time Titel van de presentatie

  17. Socio-demographic profile • Precarious employment is often found among workers in a disadvantaged socio-economic position • Differences in socio-economic profile associated with the two types of precarious employment • Men versus women • Blue collar workers versus low skilled white collar workers Titel van de presentatie

  18. Conclusions

  19. Measurement approach matters Titel van de presentatie

  20. Measure what matters, not what is easy • EMPLOYMENT QUALITY • Clear relations between different employment types and health in Belgium • Problematic health for the unemployed and for individuals holding a precarious or an instrumental (only for mental health) type of job • Controls for individuals’ broader social context reduce but do not eliminate the relations • MEASUREMENT APPROACH • Clear advantages of using a typological approach towards employment situations • Two precarious job types in EU27: precarious intensive jobs & precarious unsustainable jobs • Distribution, evolution & socio-demographic profile: clear differences according to job type, even for the two precarious types Titel van de presentatie

  21. Thank you! Questions? Contact us! karen.van.aerden@vub.be

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