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Chapter 6 Chemistry in Biology

Chapter 6 Chemistry in Biology. Section 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds. Section 2: Chemical Reactions. Section 3: Water and Solutions. Section 4: The Building Blocks of Life. Chemistry in Biology. Chapter 6. 6.3 Water and Solutions. Water’s Polarity.

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Chapter 6 Chemistry in Biology

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  1. Chapter 6 Chemistry in Biology Section 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Section2: Chemical Reactions Section 3: Water and Solutions Section 4: The Building Blocks of Life

  2. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Water and Solutions Water’s Polarity • Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are called polar molecules. • Polarity is the property of having two opposite poles. • A hydrogen bond is a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom.

  3. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Water and Solutions Enzyme-Controlled Reactions Visualizing Properties of Water

  4. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Water and Solutions Homogenous Mixtures • A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout • A solvent is a substance in which another substance is dissolved. • A solute is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent. Food coloring dissolved in water forms a homogenous mixture.

  5. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Water and Solutions Heterogeneous Mixtures • In a heterogeneous mixture, the components remain distinct. A salad is a heterogeneous mixture.

  6. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Water and Solutions Acids and Bases • Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water are called acids. • Substances that release hydroxide ions (OH–) when dissolved in water are called bases.

  7. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Water and Solutions pH and Buffers • The measure of concentration of H+ in a solution is called pH. • Acidic solutions have pH values lower than 7. • Basic solutions have pH values higher than 7.

  8. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Water and Solutions • Buffers are mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range.

  9. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Formative Questions Why is water able to dissolve a wide variety of solutes? It acts as a catalyst. Its pH is neutral. It is a polar molecule. It is an ionic compound.

  10. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Formative Questions What type of bonds attracts water molecules to each other and to other substances? covalent bonds double bonds hydrogen bonds ionic bonds

  11. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Formative Questions Which ion, when released in water, causes a solution to be basic? Cl– OH– H+ Na+

  12. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 6.3 Formative Questions What is the name for a substance that keeps the pH in cells within the 6.5 to 7.5 pH range? alkali antacid buffer neutralizer

  13. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice Which fruit contains a higher concentration of hydrogen ions? tomatoes bananas

  14. Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6 Vocabulary Section 3 polar molecule hydrogen bond mixture solution solvent solute acid base pH buffer

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