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Iconography: history & theology

Iconography: history & theology. The beginnings of Christian art: from the catacombs to basilicas. Iconoclastic Controversy. The functions of images in the Church. Transfiguration. Apse mosaic, St Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai . c. 565/6. .

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Iconography: history & theology

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  1. Iconography: history & theology The beginnings of Christian art: from the catacombs to basilicas. Iconoclastic Controversy. The functions of images in the Church. Transfiguration. Apse mosaic, St Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai. c. 565/6.

  2. The earliest image of Mary with Christ Child and unidentified Prophet (?). Catacomb of Priscilla, late 2nd (?)- early 3rd c.

  3. Cryptic art of the catacombs 6 Sinai Christ Catacomb of Domitilla. Rome. 3rd c.

  4. Good Shepherd. Catacomb of Domitilla. Rome. 3rd c.

  5. Christ teaching apostles Catacomb of Domitilla. Rome. 3rd c.

  6. And this is… This is Plotinus and his students Church of St Julia, Brescia. Ivory panel. ca. 360-70.

  7. Jesus Raising Lazarus. Via Latina Catacomb, Rome.

  8. This is Jesus too (believe it or not) Rome, Museo Nazionale Delle Terme, ca. 350.

  9. Christ surrounded by apostles Basilica of St Pudenziana, Rome, ca. 400.

  10. Youthful Christ Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, 522-47.

  11. One of the earliest illuminated manuscripts Communion. Rossano Gospels. 6th c.

  12. Sinai icon compared to the negative of the image on the Shroud of Turin

  13. The Dominant Image in the Byzantine period Christ Pantokrator. Hagia Sophia, Instanbul, ca. 1185

  14. Whatdid Jesus really look like?

  15. Reasons for the outbreak of iconoclasm Reaction to the loss of Eastern provinces to the Arabs

  16. Reasons for the outbreak of iconoclasm Reaction to the loss of Eastern provinces to the Arabs

  17. Impact of Islam upon Emperor Leo III Dome of Blue Mosque. Istanbul, Turkey.

  18. Emperor’s attempt to break the power of the monastic institutions

  19. Reasons for the outbreak of iconoclasm in the 8th c. • Emperor’s attempt to break the power of the monastic institutions (Peter Brown) • Reaction to the loss of the Eastern provinces to the Arabs • Impact of Islam upon Emperor Leo III

  20. Possible Jewish influences? Binding of Isaac. Floor mosaic. Synagogue of Beth Alpha, c. 518 C.E.

  21. Iconoclastic council in 754 Iconoclasts destroying icons. Chludov Psalter c. 850-75.

  22. S Partial Iconoclasm (?). Chapel near Trigonian Tower, Thessaloniki, late 11th-early 12th c.

  23. The Theotokos and Child (replacing a cross) 787-97 and 11th cent. Apse mosaic. St Sophia, Thessaloniki. The Cross, after 740. Apse mosaic. St Irene, Istanbul.

  24. Iconoclastic controversy timeline • 726 Emperor Leo III (717-741) issues a ban on all religious imagery • 754 Iconoclastic council summoned in Constantinople under Constantine V, son of Leo III. • 787 Second Council of Nicaea, with the support of the Empress Irene, defends the use of icons. • 813 Leo V revives iconoclasm, opposed by Theodore the Studite. • 820 Michael II assassinates Leo V and adopts policy of toleration • 843 Iconoclastic period ends. Veneration of icons established under patriarch Theophilus. Empress Theodora promotes the restoration of icons. Empress Irene. Pala d’Oro. Venice, 10th c.

  25. Christ flanked by Empress Zoe and her (third) husband

  26. John of Damascus (675-749) • Brought up at the court of the caliph of Damascus • Resigned his position and entered monastery of St. Sabbas c. 726 • Wrote On the Orthodox Faith • Defended icons

  27. Functions of Icons in the Church 1:“The Bible for the illiterate”

  28. Functions of Icons in the Church 2:Means of remembrance

  29. Functions of Icons in the Church 3: Theology in Color

  30. Functions of Icons in the Church 4: Windows into the Kingdom of Heaven Sketch of the Iconostasis of St Seraphim’s Cathedral, Dallas, TX

  31. St Seraphim Cathedral, Dallas, Texas

  32. Functions of Icons in the Church:Summary • “The Bible for the illiterate” • Means of remembrance • Theology in color • Windows into the kingdom of heaven • “Crutches of prayer”

  33. The Christ of the Seven Ecumenical Councils 7: UNITY IN ICONOGRAPHY 6: DISTINCTION OF WILLS 5: UNITY-IN-DISTINCTION 4: DISTINCTION OF DIVINITY & HUMANITY 3: UNITY OF DIVINITY AND HUMANITY 2: FULL HUMANITY 1: FULL DIVINITY

  34. Dr. Gavrilyuk’s Iconoclasm Meter Any candidates for contemp. iconoclasts? Eastern Orthodox Quakers Luther Anglicans Methodists Muslims Jews Calvin Roman Catholics

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