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ACIDS & BASES

ACIDS & BASES. ACIDS. BASES. Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl - found in stomach. Bitter Turn litmus paper blue pH above 7 Contain hydroxide ion (OH -- ) at the end

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ACIDS & BASES

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  1. ACIDS & BASES

  2. ACIDS BASES • Sour • Turn litmus paper red • pH below 7 • Contain hydronium ion (H3 O +) at the beginning • Proton donors • electron acceptors • Ex HCl-found in stomach • Bitter • Turn litmus paper blue • pH above 7 • Contain hydroxide ion (OH --) at the end • Electron donors • Proton acceptors • Slippery to touch • Can be amphoteric (can act as either acid or base)

  3. Neutralization Acid + base yields salt (metal & n.m) + water Forms products with pH of 7

  4. pH Scale

  5. Types of Acids Organic Inorganic • Contain carbon • Weaker • Found in foods • Ex: malic, lactic, carbonic, citric, acetic • Do not contain carbon • Usually stronger • Ex: nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric

  6. Monoprotic acids---donate 1 H Ex: hydrochloric, nitric Diprotic acids ---donate 2 H Ex: sulfuric Triprotic acids---donate 3H Ex: phosphoric

  7. Strong Bases Weak Bases • Formed when metals in Groups 1A---3A react with water • Ex: sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide • ammonia

  8. Indicators • Substances that change color with pH change • Ex: litmus paper, pH paper, red cabbage juice, bromthymol blue, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, methyl red

  9. Acid Rain Sulfuric Nitric • Sulfur oxides + water • Formed from smokestacks of power plants ****natural acid rain is carbonic acid • Nitrogen oxides + water • Formed from car exhausts

  10. Dissociation (AKA ionization) • The breaking apart of a molecule into its ions in solution • The stronger acid or base, the faster & more completely it breaks apart

  11. Conjugate Acid Conjugate Base • What is produced when a base gains a proton • Ex: HCl + H2O yields Cl- • What is produced when an acid loses a proton • Ex: H2O + H2

  12. Acid anhydride Base anhydride • Part of the acid without water • Ex: • Part of the base without water • Ex:

  13. Titration • The controlled addition of an acid to a base using a buret • Is really a type of neutralization reaction • End point—when the end of titration is reached

  14. pH formulas

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