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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s)

This article debunks common misconceptions about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and provides accurate information on transmission, symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s)

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  1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases(STD’s) Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s)

  2. STDs - True or False • If you have an STD, you’ll know it. FALSE – symptoms may take months, years or never show • You can build up immunities to an STD. (once you’ve had it, you can’t get it again. FALSE – you can get it any time you come into contact with it – no immunity • Birth control pills protect you from STDs. FALSE – Birth control pills offer no protection and can increase a woman’s chance of contracting some STD’s. Increased moisture in the vagina makes it a happy place for bacteria to breed.

  3. STDs - True or False • You can get an STD by contact with a toilet seat. FALSE – none of these STD’s can be contracted from a toilet seat • Untreated STD’s usually go away in time. FALSE – they get worse

  4. STDs - True or False 6. The number of STD’s contracted (NOT including AIDS) is going down each year.. FALSE – the numbers are going up not down 7. People in the 15-19 age group are at the greatest risk of contracting an STD. TRUE – lack of information, embarrassment, no testing… 8. Except for the common cold and influenza (the flu), STD’s are the most common communicable disease in the U.S. TRUE – only the cold and flu beat STD’s.

  5. STDs - True or False 9. You can’t have two different STD’s at the same time. FALSE– there is no immunity to STD’s, they are caused by different organisms – you can have several at one time. • You can not get an STD from having oral sex. False- Body fluids transmit these infections. Rates are just as high rfor oral as for anal or vaginal sex

  6. Types of STD’s • Bacterial: Caused by a bacteria and can be treated by using an antibiotic • Viral: caused by a virus and can not be cured- have it forever

  7. Bacterial STD’s • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis

  8. Viral STD’s • Herpes • Genial Warts (Human Papiloma Virus) • Hepatitis B • HIV

  9. BACTERIALChlamydia and Gonorrhea Most COMMON STD’s caused by BACTERIA – SYMPTOMS: known as the “silent diseases” FEMALE: 75% of women have no symptoms MALE: 50% of men have no symptoms IF symptoms occur – the most common are: burning with urination, yellow/green discharge – from penis or vagina, POSSIBLE PROBLEMS: • Can lead to infertility in both men and women • Inflammation of the urethra both men and women

  10. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea TRANSMISSION: Sexual Contact (all kinds) *Chlamydia can also be found in the throats of those have oral sex with an infected partner. POSSIBLE PROBLEMS: • Can lead to infertility in both men and women TREATMENT: treatable with antibiotics – PREVENTION: ABSTINENCE – only 100% protection CORRECT and CONSISTENT use of latex condoms may reduce risk *

  11. BACTERIALSyphilis • Life threatening STD caused by a BACTERIA. This disease occurs in 3 Stages. • FIRST STAGE: An open painless sore appears and heals without treatment in 1-5 weeks. . If not treated progresses to next stage

  12. Syphilis – 2nd stage SECOND STAGE: very contagious rash develops into sores. Rash will go away on its own. * Can be treated with special antibiotics. * Rash may be accompanied by flu like symptoms -

  13. Syphilis – 3rd Stage No symptoms but bacteria is continuing to do damage. Bacteria is eating away at organs and the brain-causing mental illness, and eventually leads to death * Still treatable with antibiotics * Can NOT reverse damage done

  14. Viral/VirusGenital Herpes * VIRAL infection – HERPES Simplex I or II It is now known that both types can be spread to the oral OR genital areas by direct contact. SYMPTOMS: often none, studies show most people do not know they are infected. • If symptoms – first outbreak can be quite extreme TRANSMISSION: Sexual Contact. * CAN occur WHEN sores are NOT present. Virus remains in body forever.

  15. Genital Herpes TREATMENT: NO NE Special medications can shorten the outbreaks. Special medications help reduce risk of transmission to partners. PREVENTION: * ABSTINENCE – only 100% protection * skin to skin contact still may occur even with condom use.

  16. Herpes Herpes VIRUS

  17. HPV/Genital Warts(Human Papilloma Virus) (HPV) • VIRAL infection – there are close to 100 different strands of the virus. • Most people who have HPV do not know it and can transmit the virus to partners. SYMPTOMS: Some people have no symptoms. Others have warts on cervix or genital areas. Also possible to have on mouth or in throat

  18. HPV/Genital Warts POSSIBLE PROBLEMS: Some strands of the virus may cause cervical cancer in women TRANSMISSION: Direct contact with skin infected with wart virus – the warts need NOT be present TREATMENT: No Cure - special medications put directly on warts, freezing, laser therapy, PREVENTION: ABSTINENCE – only 100% protection CORRECT and CONSISTENT use of latex condoms may reduce risk- skin to skin contact can spread the virus ** Vaccine has recently been approved to protect against the forms of HPV most likely associated with cervical cancer.

  19. VirusHepatitis B * Virus can live outside the body for 2 WEEKS SYMPTOMS: lack of appetite, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice, joint pain… (Some infected people have no symptoms abut CAN still infect others) POSSIBLE PROBLEMS: * Severe illness, liver damage/ liver cancer TRANSMISSION: Sexual intercourse is the most common transmission Can be spread through tiny amounts of blood – (100 times more easily transmitted that HIV) – sharing contaminated needles, syringes, razor blades – anything with blood.

  20. Hepatitis B TREATMENT: Antiviral drugs may help to slow the progression. There is NO CURE. PREVENTION: * Hepatitis B Vaccination * Abstinence. * Correct sterilization of all things used to pierce skin. * Use of universal precautions – such as gloves for first aid/handling blood or body fluids

  21. Pubic Lice /Crabs CAUSE: tiny insects that infest coarse body hair. They feed on human blood. SYMPTOMS: intense itching in pubic area, may see blue or gray spots which indicate the presence of lice, pinhead-sized blood spots in underwear. POSSIBLE PROBLEMS: Infection due to scratching which permits entry of other germs

  22. Pubic Lice/Crabs TRAMSMISSION: Close or sexual contact. Shared sheets, towels, clothing. TREATMENT: Special creams, lotions, shampoos purchased at a pharmacy All partners must be treated to prevent re-infestation – retreat all partners again in about 9 -14 days PREVENTION: * Abstinence * Washing ALL infecting clothing and bedding * Avoid sharing personal items such as towels and underclothing * CONDOMS WILL NOT PROTECT AGAINST PUBIC LICE

  23. Crabs – under microscope

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