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Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing. Satellites. Provide gross Temperature, Humidity soundings Provide images of clouds We haven’t missed a Hurricane since satellites went on-line For the most part passive digital “cameras”. Satellite Retrievals.

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Remote Sensing

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  1. Remote Sensing

  2. Satellites • Provide gross Temperature, Humidity soundings • Provide images of clouds • We haven’t missed a Hurricane since satellites went on-line • For the most part passive digital “cameras”

  3. Satellite Retrievals • Both low orbiters and geosynchronous satellite instruments scan and report number of photons at energies

  4. Satellite Retrievals • Footprint is larger at ends of scans than it is at nadir so corrections must be made • Corrections needed as spacecraft wobbles and nutates • In some cases “rubber sheeting” is needed to match cities with their image counterparts. • May be done on board or done on the ground and relayed back to the satellite for distribution

  5. WSR-88D Radar • Very useful for finding out where precip is and how storms are moving • Now gives velocity of movement towards or away from radar site

  6. Surface Based Radar Basics • Reasonably simple – transmitter sends out a pulse, the EM wave is reflected or scattered back to the antenna and the time it takes to get back gives the distance away

  7. WSR-88D Transmission Cone

  8. WSR-88D Beam Elevations

  9. Problems with knowing where data are taken

  10. Profilers • Upward looking radar units • Measure three components of the wind at various elevations • Potential for measuring particle size distributions from fall speed distributions

  11. 404 mHz Profiler Antenna

  12. 449 mHz Profiler Antenna

  13. Profilers do need to be kept clean of snow

  14. Antenna electronic configuration

  15. 64 mHz Profiler

  16. S Band Profiler

  17. Various Radar Bands

  18. The Future of Remote Sensing

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