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END. Somalia and Nigeria: Being a Failed State. Somalia: Location Map. Somalia: Today. Somaliland declared itself sovereign 1991 Puntland declared itself autonomous 1998 Galmudug declared itself autonomous 2006 Maakhir declared itself autonomous 2007 Civil War continues.

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  1. END Somalia and Nigeria: Being a Failed State

  2. Somalia: Location Map

  3. Somalia: Today • Somaliland declared itself sovereign 1991 • Puntland declared itself autonomous 1998 • Galmudug declared itself autonomous 2006 • Maakhir declared itself autonomous 2007 • Civil War continues

  4. Somalia: The Failed State • The Dirty War • Security Council resolutions • Results: • Somalia descent into anarchy • No effective government • No legal code • No functioning economy • Terrorism

  5. Somalia: The Bottom Line • The violence of the counter-terrorist operations, militant Islamic groups, warlords and criminal networks has made Somalia too dangerous even for its own government to remain

  6. Nigeria: Location Map

  7. Nigeria: Geography • West Africa • Oil-rich delta region

  8. Nigeria: Population • Population: • 133 million • Most populous in Africa • Over 250 ethnic groups

  9. Nigeria: Religion • Divided geographically • Islam 50% • Christianity 40% • Animism 10%

  10. Nigeria: Language • Official Language: • English • Unofficial Languages: • 510 unofficial languages • Three language families • Niger-Congo • Afro-Asiatic • Nilo-Saharan

  11. Nigeria: Government • Federal republic • Presidential • President: Umaru Yar'Adua • Vice-Pres: Goodluck Jonathan • Senate Pres: David Mark • House Speaker: Patricia Etteh • Chief Justice: Idris Kutigi • Capital: Abuja

  12. Nigeria: History • 1861: British administration commences in Nigeria • Prior to British control, external influence on Nigeria came from: • Western Sudanese Kingdoms of • Ghana • Mali • Songhai • Maghreb • Tripolitania • Egypt

  13. Nigeria: History • While Islam was taking hold of Northern Nigeria, Portugal’s slave trade was dominant in the southern regions • From the 15th through the early 19th centuries, southern Nigeria was controlled by European slave traders

  14. Nigeria: History • With the end of slavery, traders began moving inland and trade of Nigerian products grew rapidly • Britain gives Royal Niger Company control of Nigeria • In 1900: • British Government takes control from RNC • Protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria created

  15. Nigeria: History • In 1940 Nigeria is split into four regions: • Colony of Lagos • Northern Region • Western Region • Southern Region • Richardson’s Constitution: • Political parties formed on regional and ethnic bases • BUT: • Full-scale regionalism leads to possibility of three separate countries

  16. Nigeria: History • Regional gaps widened in 1950s • Federalism becomes foundation of government • Independence gained in 1960 • Federation of Nigeria with three regions: • Northern • Hausa (Muslim) • Western • Yoruba (Muslim/Christian) • Southern • Igbo (Christian)

  17. Nigeria: History • Coup of 1966 • Ideology: To strengthen and unify government of Nigeria • Reality: Slaughter of Northern and Western politicians and senior military officers • 1967: • Southern Nigeria declares independence as Biafra • July 6 - Nigerian Civil (Biafran) War begins • Civil war ends in 1970

  18. Nigeria: Current • Political Realities • Since Nigeria gained its independence in 1960, corrupt political leaders have stolen or misused over $400 billion • Quick Historical Analysis: • Though some societal improvements have been made, poverty, malnutrition, disease, violence, tribalism, and political corruption still dominate daily life

  19. Nigeria: Current • Quick Political Analysis: • Until a strong, unified central government can control tribalist violence and improve societal conditions, Nigerian people will continue to be victimized by corruption and poverty

  20. NIGERIA: Current

  21. Failed States • What are the immediate effects of being a failed state? • What are the long-term effects of being a failed state? • What are the effects of a failed state on its neighbors? • What are the effects of a failed state on the state system?

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