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Parat ubercul osis in animals

Parat ubercul osis in animals. Ivo Pavlik. Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. Paratuberculosis (Johne‘s disease). 1895. Etiology: M. a . paratuberculosis. Ayele et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 2001, 2 05 -2 24. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/46-8-205.pdf.

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Parat ubercul osis in animals

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  1. Paratuberculosis in animals Ivo Pavlik Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

  2. Paratuberculosis (Johne‘s disease) 1895 Etiology: M. a. paratuberculosis Ayele et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 2001, 205-224. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/46-8-205.pdf

  3. Clinical impact of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle

  4. Cow Lactation Fec. culture ELISA Previous-P Last-L L – P 10 176 - + 8 028 - 2 148* 9 846 9 340 - - - 506 Economic losses in one imported cattle herd with 350 Holstein cows in the Czech R. Milk production *p  0.01

  5. Economic losses in one imported cattle herd with 350 Holstein cows in the Czech R. Weight of new-born calves Mother Calves (weight in kg) Fec. culture ELISA Bull Heifer 36.6* - + 8 10 25.9 37.9 - - 18 20 36.1 *p  0.01

  6. Clinical paratuberculosis in beef cow

  7. 30 25 20 culled animals (%) 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 month The frequency of clinical signs in 225 cows

  8. Age of 225 animals with clinical paratuberculosis 40 35 30 25 culled animals (%) 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 age

  9. Clinical paratuberculosis in fallow deer

  10. The most often localisation of MAP infection Amemori et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 2004, 225-236. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/49-7-225.pdf

  11. Pathologico-anatomical alterations: oedema, thickening and corrugation of mucousa SheepCow Ayele et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 2001, 205-224. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/46-8-205.pdf

  12. Sampling of material for the isolation of MAP faeces intestine lymph nodes swabs non-vertebrates

  13. Cultivation of M. a. paratuberculosis Prime-culture of faeces Subculture of isolates Contamination liquid medium blank growing

  14. Fallow deer Moufflon Red deer white variant

  15. Total 4212 Biological materials (GIT tissue samples) during 1992 to 2001 243 338 Cattle Sheep and goats Red deer Roe deer 2010 905 Fallow deer Moufflon 368 348

  16. The ruminants infected with paratuberculosis in GIT during 1993 to 2001 Cattle 10 17 10 Sheep and goats 32 33 Red deer Roe deer Fallow deer Moufflon Total 653 551

  17. Incubation period of M. a. paratuberculosis isolated from the GIT Z-N positive GIT tissue Z-N negative GIT tissue 100 100 cattle 325 cattle 225 sheep+goats 8 80 80 sheep+goats 25 cervids 31 cervids and moufflons 9 moufflons 10 60 60 % % 40 40 20 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 months months

  18. Possible ways of transmission Pavlik et al., Veterinary Microbiology, 77, 2000, 231-251.

  19. Infection after parturition in stable

  20. Infection during the milk feeding period

  21. Infection after parturition on pasture

  22. RFLP types of MAP isolates from samples collected from farm A detection of RFLP types (%) 70 faeces 60 environment 50 40 30 20 10 0 A-C 10 B-C9 B-C14 B-C1 B-C10 RFLP type

  23. 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Paratuberculosis in cattle (1961-1990) No. of herds 8 Czech Rep. imported 7 6 5 4 3 Herreford 2 Danish red 1 0

  24. Paratuberculosis in cattle (1991-2001) No. of herds 20 Czech Rep. imported 16 12 8 4 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

  25. Types of breeds of imported cattle herds (n=408) to the Czech Republic (1992-1998) 2.3% 2.3% 11.3% 2.8% 4.7% 5.4% 55.8% 6.1% 9.3% Holstein Charolais Mont Belliarde Aberdeen Angus Simental Fleckvieh Galloway Jersey other 11 breeds Others PI HE BA LI BR BS GA BM HI PZ SA 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 2.1% 2.1% 1.9% 1.2% 0.4% 4.0%

  26. Prevalence of selected infections and invasive diseases in imported cattle herds (n=408) to the Czech Republic (1992-1998) 19.2% Trichophytosis 80.8% 14.5% IBR/IPV others: BVD Pasteurellosis IKKS Hypodermosis 1.5% 84.0%

  27. Origin of imported cattle herds (n=408) to the Czech Republic (1992-1998) 0.3% 11,1% 0.3% 4.3% 29.1% 0.3% 0.3% 4.8% 0.7% 46.8% 0.3% 1.5%

  28. Origin of infected cattle herds (n=53) imported to the Czech Republic (1992-1998) 0% 27.3% 0% 0% 2.6% 0% 100% 5.3% 66.7% 17.8% 0% 0%

  29. Prevalence of paratuberculosis in imported cattle breeds CHAROLAIS HOLSTEIN MONT BELIARDE 14.2 15.4 19.0

  30. Spread of M. a. paratuberculosis infection by calves through 6 farms with 1 800 cows Pavlik et al., Veterinary Microbiology, 45, 1995, 311-318.

  31. Paratuberculosis in sheep and goats No. of herds 4 Czech Rep. imported 3 2 1 0 1981 1985 1989 1969 1973 1975 1977 1979 1983 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1970 1971 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1987 1988 1990

  32. M. a. paratuberculosis transmission from sheep to cattle herds

  33. Paratuberculosis in sheep and goats No. of herds 4 3 2 ? ? 1 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

  34. Control programme of paratuberculosis in the Czech Republic • Control programme is subsidised by state from 1999 • The cost for two whole herd faecal culture of all animals older than 18 months is covered • Animals shedding M. a. paratuberculosis are culled • Compensation for slaughtered animals is covered by owners or in part by insurance companies Pavlik et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 45, 2000, 61-70.

  35. Animal herd No. of herds Paratuberculosis was controlled in 60 herds of ruminants during 1992 to 2001 cattle 53 sheep 1 Capricorn 1 antelope 1 moufflon 1 fallow deer 1 red deer 2 Total 60 Faecal culture examination was done (sedimentation method with 0.75% HPC):9 140 heads of cattle and 670 other ruminants

  36. Successful control (60 herds evaluated) 8 (13.3 %) Animal species: 7 herds of cattle, 1 herd of Capricorn

  37. Control of paratuberculosis on farm M with 180 cows Pavlik et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 45, 2000, 61-70.

  38. The control programme underway (60 herds evaluated) 21 (35.0 %) Animal species: 20 herds of cattle and 1 herd of deer

  39. Control of paratuberculosis on farm HJ with 400 cows Pavlik et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 45, 2000, 61-70.

  40. Control of paratuberculosis on farm H with 180 cows Pavlik et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 45, 2000, 61-70.

  41. Radical method of control programme 23 (38.3 %) Animal species: 18 cattle herd 1 deer herd 1 flock of goat 1 herd of antelope 1 fallow deer 1 herd of moufflon

  42. Suspended control programme for financial reasons 8 (13.3%) Animal species: 8 cattle herds

  43. Risk factors for successful control of the disease 1. Late detection of the first case of infection 2. Rearing of calves with their mothersduring the first 3months 3. Movement of animals between herds 4. Progenies from infected mothers Pavlik et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 45, 2000, 61-70.

  44. B. Limiting factors 1. Low motivation of farmers to control the disease a. without clinical cases of paratuberculosis b. genetically valuable animals c. with animals prepared for the market d. breeding bulls 2. Lack of financial support for slaughtered animals a. clinical suspects for paratuberculosis b. clinical healthy shedders of MAP c. progenies from infected mothers Pavlik et al., Veterinarni Medicina, 45, 2000, 61-70.

  45. Occurrence of M.a.paratuberculosisin dairy farm Floor scrapings Feed Floor scrapings Wall scrapings Ficher et al., Veterinary Microbiology, 91, 2003, 325-328.

  46. Occurrence of M. a. paratuberculosisin pasture

  47. Sampling of field samples from a septic tank fixing of a jar with stopper submersion of a jar release of stopper from a jar pull a jar with a sediment

  48. Occurrence of mycobacteria in a farm silage silage M. fortuitum, M. a. hominissuisserotypes 6 and 9 silage midden M. a. paratuberculosis M. gordonae,M. a. avium

  49. Occurrence of M. a. paratuberculosisin milk

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