Ch. 8 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

1. SB. 3a SB 4b Ch. 8 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration What is Significant about Autotrophs & Why are they Important to Heterotrophs? What are the Reactants and Products of Photosynthesis? How about Cellular Respiration? What is the Relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration? Compare and Relate the Chloroplast with Mitochondrion!!

2. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy • Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe. Laws of Thermodynamics • First law—energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. • Second law—energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.

3. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 Autotrophs and Heterotrophs • Autotrophs - organisms that make their own food. Aka producers • Heterotrophs - organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy. Aka consumers

4. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 Metabolism- All of the chemical reactions in a cell • Photosynthesis—light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell • Cellularrespiration—organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

5. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, forming a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group. ATP

6. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Overview of Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis occurs in two phases. • Light-dependent reactions • Light-independent reactions

8. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Phase One: Light Reactions • The absorption of light is the first step in photosynthesis. • Thylakoids are found in Chloroplasts where the light energy is captured.

9. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Phase Two: The Calvin Cycle/Dark Reaction • In the second phase of photosynthesis, called the Calvin cycle, energy is stored in organic molecules such as glucose. This occurs in the stroma.

10. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration Overview of Cellular Respiration • Organisms obtain energy in a process called cellular respiration. • The equation for cellular respiration is the opposite of the equation for photosynthesis.

11. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration occurs in two main parts. • Glycolysis -anaerobic • Kreb Cycle/Electron transport chain- Aerobic

12. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis • Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm through the process of glycolysis. Krebs Cycle • The series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide is called the Krebs cycle.

13. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration Electron Transport • Final step in the breakdown of glucose • Point at which ATP is produced • Produces 24 ATP

16. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to produce sugars and other organic molecules. These molecules in turn serve as food for other organisms. All organisms carry out respiration, a process that uses O2 to form CO2 from the same carbon atoms that had been taken up as CO2 and converted into sugars by photosynthesis. In the process, organisms obtain the chemical bond energy that they need to survive.