WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY COLABARATION WITH

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED THE WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECT. GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA. PROCESS THE MUNICIPAL WASTE. THE WASTE- 3500 METRIC TONS.

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED ENERGY PRODUCTS GENERATION. ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. 3360 MW PER DAY. 2. DIESEL EURO 6 GRADE 7,00,000 LITERS PER DAY. 3. BIO CHAR 210 TONS PER DAY.

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED PATENT AND INSURANCE. 1. TECHNOLOGY IS PATENTED. 2. TECHNOLOGY IS INSURED FOR PERFORMANCE.

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED OPERATIONAL PLANTS. SOUTH KOREA JAPAN.

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED PROJECT BENEFITS. ELECTRIC POWER. REGULAR ELECTRIC POWER TO FARMERS. REGULAR ELECTRIC POWER TO INDUSTRY. REGULAR ELECTRIC POWER TO PEOPLE. REGULAR ELECTRIC POWER TO RURAL HEALTH CLINICS.

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED PROJECT BENEFITS. DIESEL EURO 6 GRADE. IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF INDIA. FOREIGN CURRENCY SAVING. LOW COST DIESEL COMPARED TO IMPORT. HIGH QUALITY DIESEL EURO 6 GRADE. COMMON MAN WELFARE PROGRAM. LOW COST TRANSPORTATION.

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED PROJECT BENEFITS. BIO CHAR. BIOCHAR TO INCREASE THE FERTILITY OF THE SOIL. SUPPORT TO FARMERS. AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.

SURAJ BHOOMI BIO GAS LIMITED PROJECT ADVANTAGES. RENEWABLE ENERGY. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY. HUMAN FRIENDLY. IMPROVEMENT IN HYGIENE AND HEALTH. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. RURAL DEVELOPMENT.

WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY PRESENTATIONON: WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

1.INTRODUCTION COMPANYBACKGROUND GGII in conjunction with international partners has developed its pyrolysis technology over the last ten years. We have exclusive rights to supply and operatewaste-to-energy plants and equipmentworldwide. Our mission is to deliver innovative, efficient, profitable and environmentally responsible solutions that convert waste-into-fuel-into-energy and achieve zero-waste solutions for ourpartners. We are a company that develops innovative solutions that solve waste problems and produce renewableenergy. At the core of our philosophy lies the idea of zero-waste: Maximize Positive Useand Reduce & Simplify Waste Resources. We strongly believe that modern organizations, companies and governments need to optimize their use of resources and strike a balance between consumption, production, energy creation, and theenvironment.

The WasteProblem • LandfillSites; • Emissions toAtmosphere • noise, dust, odour,bio-‐aerosols • methane a major contributor to GreenhouseGases • Emission toWater • watercourse – ditches, streams,rivers • groundwater – reservoirs, aquifers, watertable • Disease • vermin and scavengingbirds WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

The WasteProblem • LandfillSites; • Financial • less availability means increased cost per tonne, year onyear • costly improvements to adapt to environmentalstandards • Social • universally unpopular byresidents • Health • proven to be a health hazard to both animals andhumans WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

The EnergyProblem • In most developingnations • Supply • Most places have powerdeficit • customer demand increasing year onyear • Financial • reliant on costly imports to meetdemand • dependent of fluctuating world fuel markets andprices • Renewable • requirement to increase renewable and green energies by the FederalGovernment WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

The Waste Solution • A standard commercial Pyrolysis Plantcan; • Waste • no requirement to sort waste prior todelivery • modular plant capable of processing 20 tonne of dry waste a day, 350 days a year (50 tons of unsorted wet waste that is equivalent of 20 tons of drywaste) • Environmental • minimal emissions and compliant with internationalstandards • Energy • 3,500,000 litres of biodiesel per year perplant • 16,800 MW.h per year perplant WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

SBBLPyrolysis • Introduction • Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic and non-‐biodegradable matter in the absence ofoxygen • Pyrolysis consists of the endothermic reaction, though general combustion is done by the generation of heat reaction in the system that produces solid, liquid, and gas, heating it at moderately high temperatures under no oxygen or the low oxygen atmosphere. • As waste is processed the pyrolysis technology transforms hazardous materials into a number of main products such as activated carbon, bio-‐diesel andsyn-‐gas. • When Syn-‐Gas is converted into energy using a piston turbine it will produce up to 2 MW.h of renewable energy, enough electricity to power up to 3,000 homes peryear WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY Pyrolysis Plant FlowChart Pyrolysis Line Oil ProductionLine PretreatmentLine Crushing/ Millingzone RapidDryer SelectorPyrolysis Separator Oil Production PurificationZone Waste ExhaustGas Heat CollectingFurnace Hot Water SupplyTank Overheated Steam Generator Cooling PistonMotor Wet anddry Scrubbers Overdriving System Power Generator 2MW.h Electricity ToAtmosphere Power Generation Line

The Waste Solution • A standard commercial Pyrolysis Plantcan; • Waste • process most types of waste suchas • municipal solid waste(MSW) • all types of plastics • commercial • industrial • car an trucktyres • medical • and even some hazardous waste (this plant will be separate and shall not be mixed with normalMSW) • Energy • produce 10,000 litres of Biodiesel perday • generate 48,000 KW.h perday WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

The Waste Solution • A standard commercial Pyrolysis Plantcan; • Environment • testing confirms that the exhaust gases contain little or no toxic substances or greenhouse gases and comply with the stipulated air emissionstandards • our plants have been certified to comply and exceed Environmental Standards Certification within Japan, South Korea and the EuropeanUnion. • Social • our facilities are free from noise, smell, vermin andbirds • we create safe meaningful employment for the localcommunity. WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

SBBL Requirements Infrastructure; • minimum of 2.5Ac of land for a 5 plant site, ideally more if storagerequired • sealed driveway and connecting sealed roadnetwork • connection to 3-‐Phase powersource • connection to the national or local powergrid • all civil works such as sewage, telecommunications, mainswater • a minimum term of 20 years with a further 10 yearoption. • WasteStreams; • MSW collected and delivered to the transfer station is approx 7,000 tonnes per annum perplant • a regular schedule for delivery and amounts of MSW and othersources • all feedstock be delivered in a safe and manageablecondition. WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSISTECHNOLOGY

TECHNICAL PRESENATION : On WASTE TO ENERGYSOLUTIONS

PRESENTATION COVERS THE FOLLOWINGAREAS: INTRODUCTION TECHNICALSPECIFICATION ENVIRONMENT + SAFETY + RISKMANAGEMENT QUANTITY OF WASTEREQUIRED LAND AREAREQUIRED FINANCIALVIABILITY ASSOCIATIONS +COLLABORATIONS EXPERIENCE

2. TECHNICALSPECIFICATION • Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of complex organic matter in the absence of oxygen to simplermolecules. • The main products produced from the non-‐ biodegradable waste are Bio-‐char, Bio-‐oil and Syn-‐ gas. • The Bio-‐oil and Syn-‐gas are then used as fuel for theboiler. • The steam from the boiler drives the steam turbine generator to produce up to 2MW.h, enough electricity to power over 2,500homes.

TYPICAL WASTE FLOWCHART

STAGE 1 – DELIVERY OF MSW ANDSTORAGE Covered and walled area for all delivers via a raised loading bays. MSW will moved by mechanical machinery on to raised conveyors where non-‐combustible items will be removed manually. The conveyor will then deposit the MSW into the Shredder Unit .

STAGE 2 – SHREDDERUNIT This unit consists of an iron core-‐pulling machine and cuts the larger material into smallermaterial. The unit also possesses a crushing unit, which in tern consists of a shredding type unit capable of shredding up five tonneof material perhour. The unit is a closed loop hydraulically drivensystem. The system works at very high pressures and therefore with small displacement can develop a very hightorque.

STAGE 3 – HOPPERUNIT MSW is then broken down in to manageable sizes mechanically via the hopperunit. The Hopper consists of metal cutters and drums designed specifically to cut and mulchMSW. The Hopper can be pre-‐load and can contain up to 10 TonnesofMSW. The Hopper using gravity fed system and a screw mechanism feeds the main PyrolysisUnit automatically.

STAGE 4 – PYROLYSISUNIT Pyrolysis consists of the endothermic reaction though generalcombustion. This is done by the generation of heat reaction in the system that produces solid, liquid, and gas by heating it at moderately high temperatures under no oxygen or the low oxygenatmosphere. The main parameters that are governing the Pyrolysis process are temperature, heating rate, solid residence time, particle size and density ofparticles. Pyrolysis is therefore categorized into three major types such as flash, fast and slow and is based on temperature, rate and residencetime.

STAGE 5 – WETSCRUBBERS The Pyrolysis mechanisms hardly produce greenhouse gases. However, acidic gases are likely to result in which then requires removal. The wet scrubbing unit achieves the removal of acidic gases with a minimum use of chemicals by filtering the Syn-‐gas using a bag filter and then cooling the exhaust to about 600C in a heat exchanger. The exhaust gas then passes through an acidic scrubber to remove hydrogen chloride and an alkali scrubber to remove sulphurdioxide. It is then reheated in the heat exchanger before being expelled by a largefan.

STAGE 6 – GAS COOLINGTOWER Most gasification processes cool the Syn-‐gas to 600C for conventional gas scrubbing. However, this cooling results in significant energylosses. Using our technologies there is an efficiency advantage in cleaning hot gas and then burning it hot in a boiler or gas turbine. The Syn-‐gas is filtered at 3500C using sintered metal fillers and then directly burning in aturbine. By keeping the temperature at 3500C, tar condensation is not a problem and this temperature is sufficient to remove alkali metal chlorides.

STAGE 7 – DUEL FUEL STEAMTURBINE Various dual fuel type turbines and steam driven turbines have been researched anddeveloped. This unit is used to convert the steam from the boiler intoelectricity. In such applications where the temperature exhaust is passed through a waste heat recovery unit or boiler, overall thermal efficiencies of up to 95% can be achieved. Steam or hot water generated is used in the pretreatment process or any other beneficial purposes. The Dual-‐Fuel Steam Driven Turbine will produce around 2. MW.hwith a daily load of 20 ton of waste.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL + SAFETY + RISKMANAGEMENT

THE ENVIRONMENTPROBLEM Municipal Solid Waste MSW) and Non-‐ biodegradable waste is a challenging problem in urban areas due to rapid population growth & urbanization. MSW collection, the treatment and disposal, pose major concerns for environmental degradation (especially ground and surface water quality deterioration) and human health impacts (especially obnoxious odors and breeding grounds forvermin).

Current solutions to the Waste Problem come in the form of waste collection that picks-‐up the trash on the curbside and disposes of it in landfills or incinerators. However, landfills have significant effects over the land, water, and air quality of theirenvironments. Incineration produces highly polluting gases and toxic ashes that still require disposal.

THE ENVIRONMENTSOLUTION • SBBLdesigns & manufactures solutions that utilize existing waste resources and transform them into ready-‐to-‐use energysources. • We have developed sophisticated technologies that result in a clean process, maximize the utilization of waste streams, and are a viable and profitable businessoperation. • There are very few bi-‐products generated as a result of processing waste into energy. The first one is heat, which is reused in the system to feed and sustain the gasification reaction. • The second bi-‐product is char, which can be used for Bio-‐Char, Carbon sequestration, construction, road paving and even briquettes which relies charcoal for domestic burning.

OUR WASTE AFTER PYROLYSISTREATMENT Pyrolysis transforms hazardous materials into a number of main products such as Activated Carbon, Bio-‐Diesel andSyn-‐gas. Bio-‐diesel -‐ Produced by this process can be used as a direct replacement for standard diesel for energy generation or alternatively used in direct powergeneration. Syn-‐gas -‐ Is typically used for combustion or to run turbines for power generation, including the running of the plantitself. Bio-‐char -‐ Can be easily utilized for either production of activated carbon, used in fertilizer or for combustion in order to produce heat orpower.

BIO-CHAR Bio-‐char is a significant co-‐product of the Pyrolysis process having properties similar to coke. At 23– 32 GJ per tonne, Pyrolysis Bio-‐char has a higher heating value than many grades of coal and it is also a Green fuel that is CO2neutral. Bio-‐char can be used as a substitute for other industrial fuels to produce the heat required for drying the feedstock and/or to supply heat to the Pyrolysis reactor or in pelletized form can be fed into the boiler to generate further energy for electricity production. Alternative fuel source/briquettemanufacturing Co-‐firing of biomass with coal is becoming an increasingly common strategy for reducing emissions in coal-‐fired utilities. As the Bio-‐char is CO2 neutral and contains virtually no Sulphur, emissions are reduced in proportion to the amount of coal displaced in the powerboiler.

BIO-CHAR SOILCONDITIONER • The addition of bio-‐char to agricultural soils is receiving much attention due to the benefits to soil quality and enhanced crop yields, as well as the potential to gain carbon credits by active carbon sequestration. Photo (right) shows the benefits of adding Bio-‐Char to soil appose to existingsoils. • Studies have shown that bio-‐char can aidin: • Nutrient retention and caption exchangecapacity • Decreasing soil acidity • Decreased uptake of soiltoxins • Improving soilstructure • Nutrient useefficiency • Water-‐holdingcapacity • Decreased release of non-‐CO2 greenhousegases

EMISSIONS It is of our continuous efforts through R&D work that the green house gases emitting with the flue gases be minimized thereby helping to abate global warming in every part of theworld. The following test report has been obtained in order to check the composition of flue gases escaping through thestacks.

EMISSIONS Extensive testing has been preformed on our systems and plants over a number of years of operation and all systems and plants have passed independenttesting. The above results clearly show that the exhaust gases containing the above mentioned toxic substances comply with the stipulated air emission standards. Furthermore, it is evident that the emissions do not contain greenhousegases. Full evidence of the testing can be supplied onrequest.

EMISSIONS Extensive testing has been preformed on our systems and plants over a number of years of operation and all systems and plants have passed independenttesting. It should be noted that the air emission limit values provided in the tables prior are those specified by European Directive 2000/76/EC – WasteIncineration Metal limits are average values over a 30 min to 8 hr sampleperiod. The results clearly show that the exhaust gases containing the mentioned toxic substances comply with the stipulated air emission standards. Furthermore, it is evident that the emissions do not contain greenhousegases. Full evidence of the testing can be supplied onrequest.

4. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS + SAFEGUARDS All operations are set up with International Standards (ISO) in mind and this includes all engineering, administrational, financial and managerial aspects of thecompany, The plants themselves are 24 hour monitor by locally hired and trained professionalengineers. Our plants also have a DATA LOGGING SYSTEM DLS (above) which means they are monitored daily in Japan which allows for any problems arising in the installed country can be resolved andany technical adjustments can be maderemotely.

5. QUANTITY OF WASTEREQUIRED • The standard commercial plant, as outlined in this proposal, has the capacity to process 20 ton of dry unsorted MSW per day, 350 days a year. • Each plant is of modular construction which has been designed that additional plants can easily be added onto eachother. • We recommend that depending on the supply chain management that storage is required. • Each plant is completely self-‐enclosed andcontained.

6. AREA OF LANDREQUIRED • Due to our modular design each plant has been made to minimize its footprint and land required. • A single plant requires only 2.5Acers ofland. • Again, due to its modular design GGI can retro fit to existing landfilloperations. • Larger multiple plants require extra land for MSW storage and ideally should be purpose built on a separate area ofland.

6. FINANICIALVIABILITY Landfills have been the standard answer for disposing of waste for many years-‐not because they are a good solution but because the alternatives were not viewed as being economically viable. For many years no one understood the "true" cost of operating a landfill. Initially everyone just dumped waste in open pits and covered themup. After a number of years we learned that contaminants in the waste were leaching into the ground water and contaminatingaquifers. Landfill gas was escaping into surrounding neighborhoods and into basements ofhomes. We then began to line the landfills and over time have developed fairly sophisticated liner systems. However, even the best liner system will eventually leak and cause environmental damage.

Below is a graph showing current estimated cost for landfill per tonne as based on current costs in developing countries. It does not include picking and transportation costs nor anyincome stream such as fertilizer,etc.

FINANCIAL VIABILITY OFPYROLYSIS • In some cases costs in the order of 20 -‐ 40% of municipal revenues are spent on MSW management. • Our system will reduce these costs to the Government and therefore tax payers over time by reducing the amount of wastestockpiled. • After 20 years of operations GGI will have the option of an extension to operations for a further 10years.

7.TECHNICIALASSOCIATIONS • MONASH UNIVERSITY • Monash University is an international, research-‐active University with extensive, modern facilities and home to a range of undergraduate and research degrees, and its interests span the whole materials field – with expertise in metals and alloys, biomaterials and tissue engineering, nano-‐materials, polymers, ceramics, composites, corrosion, advanced materials characterisation and materialsmodelling. • Monash University performs the following task on behalf ofGGI • Advise the Company of the process to convert the Bio-‐char into Activated Carbon • Advise the Company of the catalyst to convert the Kerosene grade Bio-‐diesel into a higher grade offuel • Advise the Company of any thermo-‐chemical advances to ourtechnology

WASTE TO ENERGY UTILISING PYROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY