Where NASA is going….

1. Where NASA is going….

2. Environmentally Friendly Aircraft Smog-free Noise within airport boundaries Minimize the contribution of air vehicles to the production of smog Constrain objectionable noise to within airport boundaries No impact on global climate Minimize the impact of air vehicles on global climate

3. Air Vehicles for New Missions Space exploration Earth science Develop innovative air vehicles for science missions in the atmosphere of other planets Use innovative air vehicles to conduct autonomous earth science missions

4. Transformation of NASA Aeronautics….

5. Goal: • Demonstrate barrier-breaking vehicle concepts, beyond the scope of conventional air vehicles, that protect the Earth’s environment and enable science missions. • Approach: • Develop technologies and demonstrate them in flight to provide evidence of barrier breakthroughs. • Benefits: • Opens more communities to air transportation • Enables new air transportation models by doubling vehicle speed capability • Eliminates aviation pollution • Enables new science platforms

6. Demonstration Projects SUBSONIC NOISE REDUCTION — Demonstrate a 50% noise reduction compared to 1997 state of the art. SONIC BOOM MITIGATION — Demonstrate technology to enable overland supersonic flight. HIGH ALTITUDE LONG ENDURANCE (HALE) AIRCRAFT — Demonstrate a 100-day duration high-altitude, fixed wing, unmanned aircraft. ZERO EMISSIONS AIRCRAFT — Demonstrate technology to enable alternative power aircraft.

7. Environment

8. Subsonic Noise Reduction Demonstration Keep noise within airport boundaries

9. Noise Reduction Approaches Airframe Noise Reduction (Slats, flaps, gears) High Noise Regions Low Noise Flight Procedures (Continuous descent approach, low noise guidance) Continuous mold line flap and slat cove filler Baseline Jet Noise Reduction (Advanced chevrons, vortex breakdown control, offset fan flow) Fan Noise Reduction (Forward swept fan, porous stators, variable area fan nozzle)

10. Sonic Boom Reduction Demonstration

11. Sonic Boom Reduction Demonstration Defining an acceptable sonic boom level

12. Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration Predictions Demonstrate a shaped sonic boom that persists to the ground Mach 1.4 32,000 feet Modified F-5 Overpressure Modified F-5 F-5E Profile View Time Fuselage Cross-Sections Bottom View

13. F-5SSBD F-5E First Ever Shaped Sonic Boom Recorded August 27, 2002 Signatures recorded during SSBD back-to-back data flights in the Edwards AFB supersonic flight corridor early morning Flight conditions: Mach 1.36+, Altitude 32,000 ft Design Mach 1.4

14. Elements of Demonstration Plan Data Generation Demonstrator Goal Planning Technical Regulatory National Goal Integrated Tech X-Plane FAA & ICAO Coordination Identifying Techs To Overcome Barriers Safe, Efficient, Quiet, Supersonic Flight EPA, ATM, Public Acceptance Testing Key Tech Ground Demos RemoveProhibition Defining Demo Requirements & Approaches Operational Experience Precursor Tech Demos

15. Zero Emissions Demonstration A Leap Forward in Emissions Reduction

16. Zero Emissions Attributes Maximum payoff to Goals Hydrogen fueled Zero CO2 Other technologies might achieve a 10-20% reduction in pollutants – this approach gets a 100% reduction. Fuel Cell Energy Conversion Zero NOx High energy efficiency Electric drive Lowest noise The zero emissions system delivers maximum benefit towards public good goals; nothing else comes close

17. Science and Exploration

18. HALE ROA Demonstrations High Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Operated Aircraft

19. Helios on Take-Off

20. High Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Operated Aircraft (HALE ROA) • Sub-Orbital Long Endurance Observer • SOA: Stratospheric flight demonstrated by the Helios (ERAST) flight research program capable of up to 1 day endurance. • Goal: Flexible, light weight hydrogen powered aircraft to demonstrate multi-day endurance of 14 days with 200kg payload. • Global Observer • SOA: Same as above. • Goal: Flexible, light weight airframe with a regenerative fuel cell power system and light weight high efficiency solar array capable of multi-week to multi-month endurance with a 150kg payload. • Global Ranger • SOA: 50 to 60K ft (Global Hawk & Predator B) • Goal: Global reach with a 48 hour endurance at 75K ft with a 1000kg payload • Heavy Lifter • SOA: NASA DC-8 Airborne Science platform approximately 35k ft. • Goal: 60k+ ft carrying a 10,000kg payload with multi-week to multi-month endurance capability using advanced regenerative fuel cell power system and a solar array.

21. Planetary Flyers ARES

22. ARES Balloon Drop Test