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HPTS Panel: Web Application Server Architecture

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  1. HPTS Panel:Web Application Server Architecture Scott Dietzen, Ph.D. CTO, Server Division BEA Systems

  2. Agenda • SIGMOD redux • The role of the Web application server • Next generation TP Monitor • Transarc  IBM • WebLogic  BEA • New name essential for investment & competition • Architecture • J2EE in general • WebLogic in specific • Instead of J2EE vs. .NET, … • Integration “in the large” • The next J2EE (& .NET) frontier

  3. Web Application Server = Next Gen. TP Monitor • What’s different • Market size (e.g., BEA 10K customers) • Java (and C#) • J2EE/ Standard APIs • Deployment scale: Clients, Integration • Web UI & protocol stack • Multichannel • Browsers • Text messaging (IM, SMS, …) • Voice • And programmed client • Personalization, portal, content management, … • Focus on stateful services (session-orientation) • Web services, … • What’s the same? • The vendors • Multi-tier client/server replacement • Thinner client • Service-based design center (re-use, integration) • Lighter-weight client sessions • Heavier-weight database sessions • Synchronous & asynchronous processing, …

  4. J2EE Architectures • Still seeking traction? • Legacy TP Monitor kernels • E.g., Tuxedo/M3, TX Series/Comp. Broker, CICS? • Impedance mismatch with Java runtime • Time to market • JVM runtime modification? • OODBMS • E.g., Gemstone • ? ORDBMS ? • Winning architecture so far • Small number of bigger processes vs. Address-space isolation • JVM image size • Java code safety • Re-entrant application logic • Predominately Java-based • Porting/certification costs • Time to market • Troubleshooting … with C optimizations (socket muxing, SSL, …) • Modeled after first successes

  5. Web Application Server Architectural Differentiation • One J2EE image or specialized processes (e.g., Web container/EJB container) • Performance & scaling • Web vs. component performance • A plea for ECPerf • Quality of service/ clustering • Service replication, routing, load balancing, and failover • Heartbeat protocol: IP Multicastvs. point-to-point • Session protection & migration • Memory copy vs. Database persistence • Session partitioning within Clusters • Caching & data replication • Content vs. Object • Time to live vs. Event-based revocation • Multi-container standards (e.g., Akamai) vs. Intra-container • Maturity, transactions, security, …

  6. Domains & Clusters Domain Cluster Cluster Cluster Browsers Web Servers Servlet Engines Object Servers Databases

  7. #1 #2 Example: Session Protection Via Memory Copy • Primary/secondary replication of Session State A B B C A B Browser C Web Servers (or WAP Gateway) Servlet/JSP Engines (& EJB Session Beans)

  8. Types of Clustered Services State in memory Transactional Semantics Example APIs Memory Repl. Persistence EJB/JMS/JDBC/ JCA factories, EJB Stateless 1 Stateless No JSP/Servlet Ses., EJB Stateful 2 Conversational Yes Optional Optional Depends on Replication JSP fragments, EJB Entity 3 Cached Depends Yes Depends JMS destinations, JTA Tx Managers, Admin Server 4 Exactly-Once Yes Yes Yes No

  9. Consolidation Over “Commoditization” • Complex software platforms do not commoditize easily -- Too many touch points & extensions • Windows, Macintosh • Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, Linux, … (POSIX) • Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, … (SQL) • WebLogic, WebSphere, iAS, … (J2EE) • Industry seeks to amortize development cost • 2000 person years? • ISVs seek to reduce testing costs • SIs seek repeatable business practices • So application servers will be a winner take most opportunity • At (or soon to be at) critical mass • J2EE: BEA, IBM, Oracle • Microsoft

  10. Emerging Battle Royale • Java/J2EE vs. Microsoft .NET • Competition is good fun • Coexistence will be the rule • Best news: Web services convergence • Java/J2EE advantages Stay tuned?…

  11. Demand For Integration • Large companies may have 5K - 20K applications • Proliferation will continue • Today’s state of the art--- • Point-to-point or “few-to-few” • Proprietary, and • Developed after the fact ---is expensive, fragile, and does not scale • “Build to integrate” is the future • As today’s new app’s are built for Web browsers • Tomorrow’s will be built for Web services

  12. Future Integration Brokers Will Be Build On App. Servers (J2EE & .NET) • Common application container • Components (session & message-driven beans) • Messaging & pub/sub (JMS queues/topics) • Web container (JSP & Servlet container) • Web platform (HTTP, sessions, Web server/hardware …) • Integration boundaries • Web services/XML platform • Standard adapter container • Eliminate m×n problem, get to critical mass, ISV ownership • Quality of service (Software clustering) • Operations, administration, & management • Security, caching, transactions, and so on …

  13. Web Services Key Design Considerations #1 Web Services should be “coarse grained” • Export services, not components/objects • Don’t fall into the objects-everywhere trap! • The goal is to surface the minimal, elegant binding • Corollary: Web services do not replace binary protocols • Intra-application prefer binary (RMI, JMS) – Easier, faster • Inter-application prefer Web services • Drawing the ideal, re-useable service boundaries • Divine the broadly re-usable services for integration • Balance crossing costs • This is more art more than science …Beautiful application architecture remains the key

  14. Web Services Key Design Considerations #2 Ensure loose coupling • Presume nothing about your client • Expect WSDL to live longer than Java components • I.e., services outlive object & data model • So even if Java is your “design center”, decouple Web services from your application component model • Easily accomplished with “wrapper” Beans • Increases flexibility • Reduces fragility

  15. Web Services Key Design Considerations #3 Use synchronous and asynchronous models appropriately • Prefer synchronous … • For query • When the result is needed for subsequent processing • For conversational operations • Prefer asynchronous … • Most everywhere else • Asynchrony generally more natural for app to app communications • Hides mismatches in availability, performance, etc. • Localizes failures • Essential for more complex, multi-party interactions

  16. Web Services Realities • Web services are computationally expensive • But so is HTML • Dynamic discovery will be most useful • At development time • Among trusted trading partners • On Intranets • Web services infrastructure is easy -- Defining the industry vocabularies is hard. Growth will come • Top/down – Consortia & standards bodies • Bottom/up – Trading communities & companies (like natural languages)

  17. In Memory

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