Grid and Cloud Computing

1. Grid and Cloud Computing Prepared by, Mrs.P.Madhubala, AP/CSE, Tagore Institute of Engineering and Technology , Deviyakurichi, Attur

2. Syllabus UNIT III -- VIRTUALIZATION • Cloud deployment models • Public, Private, Hybrid, Community • Categories of cloud computing • Everything as a service: Infrastructure, Platform, Software • Pros and Cons of cloud computing • Implementation levels of virtualization • Virtualization structure • Virtualization of CPU, Memory and I/O devices • Virtual clusters and Resource Management • Virtualization for data center automation.

3. In the computer-age… Multiple heterogeneous networks, connected by some form of communication …called Grid

4. A Lot of Servers/Machines... • Web server • Mail server • Database server • File server • Proxy server • Application server • …and many others

5. A Lot of Servers/Machines... • The data-centre is FULL • Full of under utilized servers • Complicate in management • Power consumption • Greater wattage per unit area than ever • Electricity overloaded • Cooling at capacity • Environmental problem • Green IT

6. Virtualization • Virtualization -- the abstraction of computer resources. • Virtualization hides the physical characteristics of computing resources from their users, be they applications, or end users. • This includes making a single physical resource (such as a server, an operating system, an application, or storage device) appear to function as multiple virtual resources; it can also include making multiple physical resources (such as storage devices or servers) appear as a single virtual resource. • In short, • In computing, virtualization refers to the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, like computer hardware platforms, operating systems, storage devices, and computer network resources

7. Why Virtualisation? • Efficient Resource utilisation • Flexible VM relocation with zero downtime • Flexible load balancing • High Availability • Multiple OS’s on single Hardware • Strong security monitoring • Ease of deployment

8. The Use of Computers Applications Operating System Hardware

9. Virtualization Applications Operating System Software to manage resources e.g multiple Opsys, multiple HW etc…which leads to Virtualisation Hypervisor Hardware

10. Virtualization -- a Server for Multiple Applications/OS Application Application Applications Application Application Applications Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Hypervisor Hardware Hardware Hypervisor is a software program that manages multiple operating systems (or multiple instances of the same operating system) on a single computer system. The hypervisor manages the system's processor, memory, and other resources to allocate what each operating system requires. Hypervisors are designed for a particular processor architecture and may also be called virtualization managers.

11. Types of Hypervisors • Bare metal • Hosted

12. Hypervisors Type 1 and Type 2 • – Type 1 ( Bare Metal)– all OS are guests; Type 2 (Hosted)– one OS is • default ( Host) and all • others guests

13. Syllabus UNIT III -- VIRTUALIZATION • Cloud deployment models • Public, Private, Hybrid, Community • Categories of cloud computing • Everything as a service: Infrastructure, Platform, Software • Pros and Cons of cloud computing • Implementation levels of virtualization • Virtualization structure • Virtualization of CPU, Memory and I/O devices • Virtual clusters and Resource Management • Virtualization for data center automation.

14. Cloud computing ? • Cloud computing is using the internet to access someone else's software running on someone else's hardware in someone else's data center. • The user sees only one resource ( HW, Opsys) but uses virtually multiple opsys. HW resources etc.. • Cloud architecture effectively uses virtualisation

15. Basic Cloud Definitions • A model of computation and data storage based on “pay as you go” access to “unlimited” remote data center capabilities • A cloud infrastructure provides a framework to manage scalable, reliable, on-demand access to applications • Cloud services provide the “invisible” backend to many of our mobile applications • High level of elasticity in consumption • Historical roots in today’s Internet apps • Search, email, social networks, e-com sites • File storage (Live Mesh, MobileMe, Flicker, …)

16. NIST Cloud Definition “The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing as a "pay-per-use model for enabling available, convenient and on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction." April 2009

17. Architecture • Architecture consists of 3 tiers • Cloud Deployment Model • Cloud Service Model • Essential Characteristics of Cloud Computing

18. Architecture NIST Visual Model of Cloud Computing Definition

19. Essential Characteristics 1 • On-demand self-service. • A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities such as server time and network storage as needed automatically, without requiring human interaction with a service provider.

20. Essential Characteristics 2 • Broad network access. • Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs) as well as other traditional or cloudbased software services.

21. Essential Characteristics 3 • Resource pooling. • The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.

22. Essential Characteristics 4 • Rapid elasticity. • Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned - in some cases automatically - to quickly scale out; and rapidly released to quickly scale in. • To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.

23. Essential Characteristics 5 • Measured service. • Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource usage by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service. • Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported - providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the service.

24. Cloud Service Models • Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) • Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) • Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

25. What is Software as a Service? (SaaS) • SaaS is a licensed software offering on the cloud and pay per use • SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides licensed multi-tenant access to software and its functions remotely as a Web-based service. Usually billed based on usage • Usually multi tenant environment • Highly scalable architecture • Customers do not invest on software application programs

26. Software as a Service (SaaS)( Complete software offering on the cloud) • The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. • The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email). • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, data or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user specific application configuration settings.

27. SaaS providers • Google’s Gmail, Docs, Talk etc • Microsoft’s Hotmail, Sharepoint • SalesForce, • Yahoo • Facebook

28. SaaS Examples

29. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)( Hardware offerings on the cloud) • IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure ( mostly hardware) as an on demand, scalable service • Usually billed based on usage • Usually multi tenant virtualized environment • Can be coupled with Managed Services for OS and application support • User can choose his OS, storage, deployed app, networking components

30. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) • The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources. • Consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which may include operating systems and applications. • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

31. IaaS providers • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) • Each instance provides 1-20 processors, upto 16 GB RAM, 1.69TB storage • RackSpace Hosting • Each instance provides 4 core CPU, upto 8 GB RAM, 480 GB storage • Joyent Cloud • Each instance provides 8 CPUs, upto 32 GB RAM, 48 GB storage • Go Grid • Each instance provides 1-6 processors, upto 15 GB RAM, 1.69TB storage

32. IaaS Examples

33. Platform as a Service (PaaS)( Development platform) • PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the complete life cycle of building, delivering and deploying web applications and services entirely from the Internet. • Typically applications must be developed with a particular platform in mind • Multi tenant environments • Highly scalable multi tier architecture

34. Platform as a Service (PaaS) • The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.

35. PaaS providers • Google App Engine • Python, Java, Eclipse • Microsoft Azure • .Net, Visual Studio • Sales Force • Apex, Web wizard • TIBCO, • VMware, • Zoho

36. PaaS Examples

37. All as services -- A comparison

39. Cloud Computing - Services Software as a Service - SaaS Platform as a Service - PaaS Infrastructure as a Service - IaaS

40. Cloud Deployment Models • Public Cloud. • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), • IBM's Blue Cloud, • Sun Cloud,  • Google AppEngine • Windows Azure • Private Cloud. • Abiquo Private Cloud Solutions • Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) • Blue Lock Virtual Private Clouds • BMC Cloud Lifecycle Management • CA Technologies Cloud Solutions • Cisco Private Cloud solutions • Community Cloud. • Sales force • Microsoft development on .Net • Google App for Govt. • Hybrid Cloud • Vmware’svCloud • Windows Azure

41. Cloud Security Forum Ref. Architecture Cloud Reference Architecture(s) IIT-RTC

42. Public Cloud • The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group • It is owned by an organization ( commercial) selling cloud services. • Google App Engine • Microsoft Azure • IBM’s Blue Cloud • Salesforce.com’s Force.com • Public cloud offers flexible price per use , commercial services

43. Public Cloud - Characteristics • Easy to use • User friendly, requires less or no training • Pay per use model • Economic • Operated by third Party • Uses their resources • Not specific to any single business / person/ enterprise • Flexible • Users can easily add or drop capacity • You only need any browser • Can be Unreliable • Cos no strong service level agreements • Less secure • Providers reserves the right to store your data wherever they want • Provider’s access to your data ( no encryption at database level) e.gFacebook, WhatsApp

44. Public cloud – Pros and Cons • The advantages of public cloud include: • Data availability • Continuous uptime • 24/7 technical expertise • On demand scalability • Easy and inexpensive setup • No wasted resources • Drawbacks of public cloud: • Data security

45. Private Cloud • The cloud infrastructure is made available to cloud owners and their partners ( limited access) • The cloud infrastructure is owned and operated solely for a single organization. • It may be managed by the organization or a third party, and may exist on-premises or off-premises. • Examples • Vmware cloud infrasrtucture suite • Amazon VPC ( Virtual private cloud) • Ubuntu’s Enterprise Cloud ( UEC)

46. Private Cloud - Characteristics • Organisation Specific – No sharing with others • More Control • Cloud owner knows everything about infrastructure, data storage area, data etc • Reliable • Strong service level agreements • Customisable • More costly • Require IT expertese • Single tenent

47. Private Cloud – Pros and Cons • Advantages • Provides virtualized services • Maximizes hardware usage • Reduces complexity • Trust on Data ( secured data) • Disadvantages • Higher Cost

48. Community Cloud • The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, or compliance considerations). • e.g….IEEE standards on cybernetics ( community is all cyber crime detecting agencies) • Banks and their users ( traders) • Health services ( Hospitals , Medical colleges and Health dept) • It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. • Multi tenent setup • Examples • GoogleApp for Government • Microsoft’s Govt Community Cloud

49. Community Cloud Characteristics • Multi tenant infrastructure • Shared among multiple organisations • Users belonging to single interest

50. Community Cloud – Pros and Cons • Advantages • Cost of setting up a communal cloud versus individual private cloud can be cheaper due to the division of costs among all participants. • Management of the community cloud can be outsourced to a cloud provider. The advantage here is that the provider would be an impartial third party that is bound by contract and that has no preference to any of the clients involved other than what is contractually mandated. • Tools residing in the community cloud can be used to leverage the information stored to serve consumers and the supply chain, such as return tracking and just-in-time production and distribution. • Drawbacks of community cloud: • Costs higher than public cloud. • Fixed amount of bandwidth • Fixed Data storage