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Reviewing Islam in Africa: Common Elements, States, Fusion with Indigenous Beliefs

Examining the impact of Islam on African societies, tracing its spread through North and West Africa, the organization of Sudanic states, and the fusion of Islamic beliefs with indigenous traditions. Explore the distinctive cultures in Africa unaffected by Islam.

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Reviewing Islam in Africa: Common Elements, States, Fusion with Indigenous Beliefs

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  1. It’s Wednesday!, 10/24 “D” day • GOAL: To review Islam in Africa. • Have out your review sheets and your chapter 8 notes.

  2. Question #20 • Describe the “common elements” of African society.

  3. Bantu Common Elements • Bantu-based language • Stateless Societies • Common in Africa • Governed by family & obligation • No tax, bureaucracy, army Disadvantage: • Organizing public project • Animistic religion • Creator deity • Personified natural forces • Witchcraft • Ancestors • Economies • Increasing settled ag & specialized trade

  4. Question #21 • Trace how Islam entered Africa.

  5. N Africa: Arrival of Islam • Long part of Mediterranean world • Islam quickly spread • Berbers • N. Africa splintered as Abbasid weakened • Puritanical movements

  6. Question #22 • Describe the Sudanic states and how they were organized. • Sudanic States= kingdoms that developed in the grasslands (so grassland kingdoms of Ghana, Mali & Songhai are also considered Sudanic states).

  7. W Africa: Grassland Kingdoms/Sudanic States • Merchants brought Islam from N. Africa • Powerful trade states: Strategically located b/t gold-rich forests on coast & salt-rich deserts & markets to north • 300-1200: Ghana • 1240-1500 Mali • 700s-1591 Songhai

  8. Question #23 • How did Islam & indigenous African beliefs fuse?

  9. Political & Social Life • Consistently blended: • Tradition = • Clans • Animism • Women • Islamic influence = • Rulers political/religious authority • Merchants • Slave trade • Islamization was class-based • Rulers • Merchants • Peasants maintain native traditions • Blending of cultures common • Swahili • Tracing lineage

  10. Question #24 • Describe the connection between East Africa & Islam.

  11. to Arabia to S Asia to SE Asia E Africa: Swahili Coast • Islam further brings Africa into fold w/ Indian Ocean trade • 1200s: City-states develop • Led by Arab elites • Traded ivory, gold, slaves from interior for foreign silk & porcelain

  12. Question #25 • Where did cultures develop in Africa that were not affected by Islam?

  13. NE Africa: Christian Societies • Three persistent societies preceded Islam • Egyptian Copts • Nubia/Kush • Ethiopia/Axum

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