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Integrating Wind and Solar Energy in India for a Smart Grid Platform

With Support and Editorial by Mr Peter Meissen. Integrating Wind and Solar Energy in India for a Smart Grid Platform . Farhan Beg. India’s Location. Source: Esri. India, Latitude and Longitude. Source: www.wikipedia.org/india. Population. Current Population: 1.27 Billion.

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Integrating Wind and Solar Energy in India for a Smart Grid Platform

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  1. With Support and Editorial by Mr Peter Meissen Integrating Wind and Solar Energy in India for a Smart Grid Platform FarhanBeg

  2. India’s Location Source: Esri

  3. India, Latitude and Longitude Source: www.wikipedia.org/india

  4. Population Current Population: 1.27 Billion Source: CIA world Factbook

  5. India’s Population Density Source: https://wikis.engrade.com/imperialisminindia/2

  6. Energy Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Source : IEA Currently

  7. India’s Energy Consumption and GDP Source: EIA

  8. The Two Fastest Growing Major Economies Peoples Republic of China vs. Republic of India Source: CIA world Factbook Carbon dioxide emission of China is nearly 5 times more as that of India!

  9. The Gap between demand and supply is wide and growing. • Growing economy and massive urbanization is putting more stress on energy and the environment. • The average electricity consumption in India is still among the lowest in the world at just 630 kWh per person per year, but this is expected to grow to 1000 kWh in the near future. Acknowledging Power Supply and Demand Source: CEA, Ministry of Power India

  10. Population Growth, Electricity Production, and Electricity Consumption Population Growth Electricity Production Electricity Consumption Source: Indian Ministry of Power

  11. Source: EIA

  12. Electricity Scenario of India Key regulatory bodies in the Indian Power Sector Department of Atomic Energy Ministry of Power Central Electricity Regularity Commission State Electricity Regularity Commissions Central Electricity Authority Installed Capacity: 220 GW Peak Demand: 170 GW Peak Deficit: 8.6 % Energy Deficit: 4.8 % Growth Rate: 8-9 % PA For the Year 2011 Source: Central Electricity Authority

  13. Issues Facing India’s Power Sector Generation Side Transmission Side Distribution Side

  14. Generation • Fuel (Coal and Gas) Shortage is acute. • Many power plants have less than seven days' of coal stocks, a level seen as critical to continuous operation. • Present demand–supply gap of coal is around 85 million tons and it is expected to increase gradually to nearly 140 million tons by 2017. • Capacity addition from hydropower sources slowed in the past couple of years

  15. Transmission • A huge 12 percent of the electricity generated is lost while evacuating power to the consumers as Transmission losses which can go to as high as 50 percent in some states. • The officially declared transmission and losses in India have steadily risen from about 7 percent up to the year 1966-67 to about 12 percent in 1998-99

  16. Distribution • Distribution companies, mostly state-owned, are mired with about $35 billion in debt barring them from investing more into the R&D and up gradation of their utilities. • The estimated loss of all the State distribution utilities has been estimated at Rs 2400 million as of March 31, 2012

  17. Before And Now • Grid infra-structure established over a 100 years ago • Main purpose was to supply electricity to a few loads • Power Generation was localized and built around small communities (State of Transition) • The needs of the civilization are not modest anymore • Grid structure is becoming complex with every passing day and loads are increasing in size and convulsion • A constant interest related to integrating variable sources of energies that give rise to harmonic instability.

  18. Grid Modernization w Source: www.enel.com

  19. Smart Grid, A Remedy Issue What a Smart Grid can do? A Smart Grid better manages the integration of all available resources of energy into the grid. • Supply Shortfalls • Huge Losses Allows the integration of Distribution Energy Resources (DER’s) that can allow localised generation hence reducing the transmission and equipment losses Provides the platform for introduction of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for a better User Interface (UI) • Human element in system operations Allows a perceptive load control which can prevent the peak time shortfall • Peak Load Management Manages problems caused by intermittency and distributed power • Integration of renewable energy

  20. Smart Grid Deployment The ‘Smart’ in a Smart Grid is an Information Communication Technology (ICT) that brings together a variety of computing and telecommunications technologies. The ICT enables the Smart Grid’s envisioned benefits to become a reality. Source: www.siemens.com

  21. Technology of Smart Grids • Smart Grids encompass a wide range of operations such as • detecting and identifying faults and a quick response to power outages, • providing consumers with near real-time information on the amount and cost of the power they use, • improving the security of the system, and • linking all elements of the grid to enable better decision making on the resource use. Various technologies in action • Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) • Distribution Management System (DMS) • Distribution Automation System (DAS) • Automated Meter Reading (AMR) • Geographical Information System (GIS) • Phasor Measurement Units (PMU’s) Source: www.sandiegofreepress.org

  22. Home Area Network Home Area Network (HAN) connects thermostats, refrigerators and other electrical devices in a Smart Home to an energy management system. Source: www.smartgrid portal.org

  23. Integration of Renewable Energy Integration of Renewable Energy is probably the biggest thrust for a Smart Grid Deployment in India • Has to be converged at grid operator level and requires a superior Energy Management System • The Smart Grid’s superior capability of introducing new sources of energy to the grid clearly signifies that more Distributed Generation can be integrated into it Solar and Wind energy are crucial and primary factors of a cleaner and greener energy future

  24. Demerits of Conventional Fuels

  25. India’s Renewable Scenario • As on November 2012, 12% of total installed capacity (210 GW) through renewable sources • Wind (18.3 GW) • Small Hydro (3.4 GW) • Biomass (1.2 GW) • Solar (1 GW) Progressive Renewable Sector 2012 2017 est’d

  26. The Role of Renewable Energy • The notion of renewable energy as an “alternate” form of energy is no longer a valid argument. • India is currently ranked 5th in the world in all renewable energy fronts. Source: www.indexmundi.com

  27. Wind Energy in India • Wind Energy program initiated in 1983-84 • Total Potential of Wind Energy in India is estimated at 45000 MW Source: Weather Department of the University of Delhi

  28. Solar Energy in India • The average intensity of solar radiation in India is on the order of 20 MW/square km • The total solar energy potential tends to as high as 657.4 million MW

  29. Why do we need a Smart Grid for integrating Renewable Energies into the Grid? • Location Dependent Resources • Variability • Unpredictability

  30. Location Dependence • Wind and Solar Resources are highly Location Dependent • Quality wind and solar resources that are most feasible for RE generation are based on specific locations Source: www.windturbineshome.net

  31. Solar Energy Resources in India Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/nonconventional/windresources.htm

  32. Wind Energy Resources in India Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/nonconventional/windresources.htm

  33. Non-Controllable Variability and the Smart Grid • Grid operators need to deal with fluctuations in voltage and frequency in a second to minute scale. • If left unchecked can do a significant damage to the System and all the attached instruments. The Smart Grid provides a wide range of ancillary services: • Frequency regulation • Spinning Reserves • Non-Spinning Reserves • Voltage Support • Black-Start Capacity www.siemens.com/controlcentres

  34. What has been done in India? • Smart Grid provides the platform for a more reliable, secure and sustainable grid in India. • Pilot Smart Grid projects • Gujarat • Chandigarh • Smart Metering Infrastructure is being planned for a number of states. • Dr Sam Pitroda, chairman India Smart Grid Task Force launched the Smart Grid portal in 2013 : www.IndiaSmartGrid.org

  35. If you have any questions, or would like to help further this research, please contactMrFarhan Beg, via email: farhan.beg@geni.org Farhan Beg is a Power Engineer from the National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India (www.NITSRI.net) and is a researcher at the Global Energy Network Institute, San Diego USA (www.GENI.org)

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