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Comprehensive Midterm Review for Anatomy and Physiology

This midterm review session will cover essential topics in anatomy and physiology, focusing on the structure and function of living organisms. Participants should bring their textbooks, pens, and/or highlighters. Key areas include the organization of life from cells to organisms, anatomical positions, homeostasis, body systems, and tissue types. Important figures, tables, and the concept of feedback loops will be discussed. Students will reinforce their understanding of the integumentary system, the skeletal system, and more, ensuring thorough preparation for the exam.

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Comprehensive Midterm Review for Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Seminar Unit 5 Midterm Review

  2. GET YOUR BOOK AND A PEN AND/OR HIGHLIGHTER

  3. Unit 1: pages 1-4; 6-17; 79-92 ANATOMY: “CUTTING UP” STUDY OF STRUCTURE OF AN ORGANISM AND RELATIONSHIP OF ITS PARTS PHYSIOLOGY: STUDY OF FUNCTIONS OF LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR PARTS

  4. Unit 1: pages 1-4; 6-17; 79-92 ORGANIZATION: CELLS  TISSUES  ORGAN  ORGANISM ANATOMICAL POSITION SUPINE – on the spine PRONE - facedown

  5. Unit 1: pages 1-4; 6-17; 79-92 Superior  Inferior Anterior  Posterior Medial  Lateral Proximal  Distal Ventral  Dorsal

  6. Unit 1: pages 1-4; 6-17; 79-92 Planes Cavities: ventral and dorsal Ventral ---- thoracic, abdominal, pelvic Dorsal ---- cranial, spinal Regions: axial and appendicular Figure 1-8, p. 13; Table 1-2, p. 14

  7. Unit 1: pages 1-4; 6-17; 79-92 HOMEOSTASIS: RELATIVE CONSTANCY OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT FEEDBACK LOOPS: SENSOR --- CONTROL --- EFFECTOR Positive – clotting; childbirth Negative – most common; oppose (negate) a change in the controlled condition

  8. Unit 1: pages 1-4; 6-17; 79-92 CHAPTER 4: OUTLINE SUMMARY General function of various body systems. Identify organ with organ system.

  9. Unit 2: pages 31-36; 43-50; 55-69 TABLE 2-3, P. 32 CARBOHYDRATE: glycogen energy LIPID: phospholipid cell membrane cholesterol steroid PROTEIN: structural (collagen) --- functional (hormone) NUCLEIC ACID: DNA ---- PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA

  10. Unit 2: pages 31-36; 43-50; 55-69 TABLE 3-1, P.47

  11. Unit 2: pages 31-36; 43-50; 55-69 Transcription --- mRNA formed Translation --- mRNA + amino acids = protein Replication --- DNA copies itself

  12. Unit 2: pages 31-36; 43-50; 55-69 FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES: EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE, MUSCULAR, NERVOUS Table 3-6, p. 60 SIMPLE SQUAMOUS; STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS; STRATIFIED TRANSITIONAL; SIMPLE CUBOIDAL TABLE 3-7, P. 61 ADIPOSE; BONE; BLOOD; HEMATOPOIETIC TABLE 3-8, P. 62 ALL + P. 69

  13. Unit 3: pages 99-117 EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES: CUTANEOUS SEROUS – epithelial + connective pleura; peritoneum peritonitis MUCOUS – mucus CONNECTIVE MEMBRANES: Bursa

  14. Unit 3: pages 99-117 SKIN: largest organ; ~ 15% body weight; layers – epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous (hypodermis) EPIDERMIS: avascular, keratin, stratum germinativum, melanin, cyanosis DERMIS: fingerprint ridges (dermal papillae) Hair --- lanugo, arrectorpili Receptors --- pressure (Pacinian), light touch (Meissner) Glands --- sebum

  15. Unit 3: pages 99-117 SKIN CANCER: Squamous – malignant metastasis Melanoma – most serious; “ABCD” Functions: protection, temperature regulation, sensation BURNS: rule of nines; degrees

  16. Unit 4: pages 121-151 Functions Types --- four types + sesamoid Structure --- diaphysis, epiphyseal plate Microscopic --- bone and cartilage (chondrocyte), osteoblasts and osteoclasts, endochondral ossification Osteoporosis Divisions – axial and appendicular (p.128-129), 206 Hyoid!

  17. Unit 4: pages 121-151 Sutures – lambdoidal, coronal, squamous fontanels – “soft spots” Table 6-2 cranial (temporal, sphenoid) facial (zygomatic, vomer) ear (all) Table 6-3 Table 6-4

  18. Unit 4: pages 121-151 Table 6-5 Differences between male and female skeleton Table 6-6 Joints --- three types and characteristics

  19. Questions?

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