1 / 14

The French Revolution Begins

The French Revolution Begins. Motto of the French Revolution: “United in a Republic: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death”. King Louis XVI had a Problem . . . . NO MONEY!!! No more taxes on peasants because they‘d revolt Besides, they didn’t have more money!

dalmar
Download Presentation

The French Revolution Begins

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The French Revolution Begins Motto of the French Revolution: “United in a Republic: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death”

  2. King Louis XVI had a Problem . . . • NO MONEY!!! • No more taxes on peasants because they‘d revolt • Besides, they didn’t have more money! • Called Estates General to meet • Convention of 3 estates, to advise king • Last called in 1614 • King told estates what to talk about • Majority of estates vote = binding Louis XVI

  3. Meeting of the Estates-General 1st and 2nd Estates riding On the back Of the 3rd Estate • Since 1614, bourgeoisie had gained power, $$$ • Instead of considering new tax demand of king, the 3rd Estate challenged the way decisions were made at the meetings • Wanted one big meeting, each delegate with 1 vote • King rejected idea • Third estate declared itself the National Assembly, took Tennis Court Oath

  4. Storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789 • Louis XVI sent troops to disperse National Assembly • Parisian poor reacted by attacking Bastille prison • Prison a symbol of king’s authority • 7 prisoners released • Nobles across the country FLED!!!

  5. National Assembly Reforms • August 1789: NA abolished feudalism • Published Declaration of Rights of Man • Defined rights of all estates • Transition to constitutional monarchy • 1790: Confiscated church lands

  6. Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy • King Louis XVI, family attempted to escape France • Captured at eastern border of France • Returned to Paris and forced to sign a new Constitution in Sept. 1791, sharing power with Nat’l Assembly Louis XVI and family are returned to Paris

  7. Wars of Revolution • Jacobins (radical revolutionaries) take over NA • King, moderate NA declared war on Austria and Prussia • King figured war would make him popular, get rid of power sharing • NA wanted to export revolution

  8. End of Monarchy (and Louis XVI) • French forces got beat, badly (lost parts of France!) • August 1792: Jacobins arrest king • Sept. 21, 1792 – monarchy abolished, republic declared • Legislative power to NA • Executive power to “Committee of Public Safety” • January 21, 1793: King Louis XVI sentenced to death (361-360) King’s execution led to more wars with European countries, appalled at execution of King

  9. The Revolution Goes Radical • France, on the brink • Execution of Louis XVI led to war between France and rest of Europe (Austria, HRE, Great Britain, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, French Royalists, Italian states) • Massive inflation • Sans culottes (poor laborers), Jacobins riot • Anti-revolution movements start

  10. Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety • Jacobins seize power, led by Robespierre • Follower of Rousseau • Bourgeoisie lawyer • Head of CPS • Unleashed “the Terror” • About 40,000 people were executed under the guillotine for “counter-revolutionary activities” • Effort by Jacobins to replace French traditions w/ revolutionary ones • CPS “saved” revolution • Levee en masse • Internal repression

  11. Rise of the Directoire • Eventually, Robespierre ordered most radical and moderate Jacobins executed (no legislative, popular support) • July 27, 1794: Robespierre arrested by moderates, tried, and executed July 28 • 1795: New constitution written (Directory – 5 person executive)

  12. Rise of Napoleon • Army suppressed serious royalist coup attempt, 1795 • Napoleon led troops vs. royalists, in Paris • “Whiff of grapeshot” dispersed royalists (1400 dead) • Napoleon promoted, hailed as hero of Rev.

  13. Successes of the Directory • 1795: French armies conquered Netherlands • 1796-98: Napoleon conquered Italy, the Papal States • 1798: Imprisoned pope • Confiscated church lands in Italy • Attempted invasion of Ireland

More Related