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Advancing Cosmology with 21 cm Intensity Mapping Telescopes

This program aims to precisely constrain dark energy models through 21 cm Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements. Utilizing data from existing telescopes like Parkes and VLA, the primary goal is to study large-scale structures such as the Milky Way and the Virgo Cluster. With proposed telescopes like SKA and HSHS, the program targets expanding the survey to detect signals from the first stars at z=6-12. The project involves innovative technologies such as Low Cost LNAs and PetaFlop DSP for data processing. The ultimate goal is a telescope covering 10 sq. kilometers to survey the entire sky up to z=12. The program envisions advancements in RFI mitigation and continuum source removal techniques to improve data quality for cosmological studies.

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Advancing Cosmology with 21 cm Intensity Mapping Telescopes

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  1. 21 cm CosmologyJeff Peterson, CMU -Existing telescopes and data -Intensity Mapping -Fixed Cylinders

  2. Primary goal of this program: Precisely constrain dark energy models using 21 cm Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements Context: Previous 21 cm observations

  3. Data from Parkes Telescope Milky Way NGC 3419

  4. 21 cm image of Virgo Clusterdata from VLA Galaxy sizes doubled, orange shows X-ray

  5. Optical 21 cm

  6. Arecibo redshift survey Large scale structure matches optical surveys

  7. Optical counterparts

  8. 69% of HI detections lack cataloged optical ID

  9. BAO redshift survey requirements • >10 x Arecibo collecting area AND • > 30 sq degree field • >100 Tera-op/s DSP • RFI mitigation • Proposed telescopes • Square Kilometer Array (SKA) • Hubble Sphere Hydrogen Survey (HSHS)

  10. 2 ea 10 % SKA prototypes“large N small D” • Australia • South Africa X 5,000 + PetaFlop DSP = $1-2 Billion Time frame: 2015-2020, dep. on funding and DSP development schedule

  11. Proposed Hubble Sphere Hydrogen Survey X 1000 +100 Teraflop DSP = $50M (?) Pittsburgh Cylinders Time Scale: 2 yr prototype + 2 yr construction

  12. Intensity Mapping BAO expt. Start with exisiting tel. Then build All-sky filled aperture tel. Program cost ~5 M. Also serves as prototype for HSHS.

  13. First-stars telescopes (z=6-12) LOFAR - Holland MWA - Australia GMRT - India 21cma/past - China

  14. Low Cost LNAs from Cell Phones LNA, $1.81 Filters, $1.99 ea.

  15. PetaFlop DSP technology: FPGAs Inter-FPGA connection layer • N=1024 FFT can be factorized into N = 16*64; p=64 and n=16 and a 2-layer architecture can be employed (64 FPGAs/layer) 64 FPGA Virtex4 SX-55 64 FPGA Virtex4 FX-140 0 0 1 1 63 63

  16. 100 TeraFlop DSP technology: PC Processor Array One of 1024 RF signals 32 32

  17. PAST correlator --- 81 X100 MHz

  18. Conclusions • Current 21 cm redshift surveys ~10 yrs behind optical • New technology should allow leap forward • Continuum source removal unproven • RFI mitigation needed • Long term: 10 sq kilometers telescope might allow all sky survey z = 0 to 12 (or 20, or 50?)

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