INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT MYTH AND REALITY - Dr.R.Dakshinamurthy, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli

1. Inclusive Development: Myth and Reality Dr. R. DakshinamurthyAssociateProfessorCentre for study of social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy, BharathidasanUniversity, Tiruchirappalli-24

2. INTRODUCTION • India is the new global buzz word. It is at the cusp of a paradigm change both in its growth and its position in the world. It is the 7 largest country by area in the world and 2nd by population. It is the 12 largest economy at the market exchange rate and fourth largest by PPP. Yet it is at cross roads today

3. cont… India is the biggest democracy in the world in its true sense. Of the eight richest person in the world, four are Indians. Compare with many other nations, the economy is growing at phenomenal rate, salaries are going through the roof of the employees of highly educated, there are window of opportunities mushrooming in the IT hubs of the nation, disposable income for the call center crowed, accessibility for several luxurious goods that never seen before the nation. However, the facts remain that it is far from reaching true potential.

4. cont…. • Why this miserable condition? • Even after 60 years of independence we are unable to overwhelm this trouble. • When even after implementing 10 five year plans with high-sounding ideas as GaribeHatao, our efforts are not yielding.

5. POVERTY • World bank estimates that 42% of the Indians living below poverty line . This means that one-third of global poverty is living in India. Of the 42% of people living below poverty line, 75% of the poor are from rural area and most of them are daily wage earners and land less laborers. A proportionately a large share of poor is hailing from lower caste. It is a fact that caste system of exploitation of poor low ranking caste groups by more prosperous high ranking groups. In many parts of India , land is largely held by high ranking dominant caste that economically exploit low ranking land less laborers with ritual emphasis on their so called god given inferior status

6. EMPLOYMENT • Employment is considered as one of the biggest problems for inclusive growth. Population explosion after independence showed its impact on employment. The unemployment is the big worry to the development of the country. Since the poverty is much higher than unemployment, employment is the only source to eradicate poverty. The quality and quantity of the employment in India is very low due to illiteracy and due over dependence on agricultural employment

7. cont …. • The quality of the employment also a problem • Further, the people employed in unorganized sector constitute 85% of the workers does not have social security. • Generation of the productive employment for labour force also causing problems to the inclusive growth

8. AGRICULTURE • Traditionally, India is considered as the agricultural based country. As the majority of Indians are engaged in agriculture for employment, the recent developments in the other sectors decreased the major sectors growth. some of the problems in Indian agriculture are • Long term factors like steeper decline in per capita land availability, shrinking of farm size • Slow reduction in share of employment • Low labour productivity

9. cont… 4.Vulnerability to world commodity prices, farmers suicide 5.Disparities in growth across regions and crops, ie., growth rate declined more in rain fed area 6.Decline in yield growth due to land and water problems Thus these problems became the hurdles in the key area for the economic development of the nation, ie., agriculture

10. HOUSING • Housing facility for the middle and low income groups long remained political slogan. but if the country is to attain inclusive growth and tap its human potentials ,the government must fulfills this promise to the undeserved populace. • In India , more than 14%of the total population are home less or living in squatters and slums .Of the people owning houses,45% do not possess adequate space and facilities needed to assure quality living

11. cont… • Housing facility for the middle and low income groups long remained political slogan. but if the country is to attain inclusive growth and tap its human potentials ,the government must fulfills this promise to the undeserved populace. • In India , more than 14%of the total population are home less or living in squatters and slums .Of the people owning houses,45% do not possess adequate space and facilities needed to assure quality living

12. REGIONAL DISPARITIES • Regional disparities also major concern for inclusive development due to different culture and traditions. Different cultural identities and expression ,caste system and the rich and poor feelings favoured some specific groups . As a result ,the regional disparities raised in India before and after independence .Also ,due to the development in agriculture and industrial sector some regions in India developed fast and some other places still are facing scarcity .

13. cont.. • some of the regional disparities are • Per capita income is highest in Punjab (Rs. 16,679) lowest in Bihar ( Rs.3557). • Female infant mortality varies from 12 in Kerala to 88 in Madhya Pradesh • Female literacy varies from 33.6% in Bihar and 88% in Kerala

14. RURAL URBAN DIVIDES • Inclusive growth is necessary for sustainable development and equitable distribution of wealth and prosperity. Achieving inclusive growth is the biggest challenge in a country India. In a democratic country like India, bringing 600 million people living in rural Indian in to main stream is the biggest concern .this challenge is to take the level of and all parts of the country he growth to all sections of the society . The best way to achieve inclusive growth is through developing peoples skill

15. cont… • Mr .Jeffrey , Chairman & CEO of man power planning USA said that ,a multi faceted approach towards education skills development is necessary to achieve growth .He said the challenge of skills shortage can be addressed through public and private partnership

16. Political leadership in the country plays a vital role in the overall development of the country. But , the study has found that politicians in India have a very low level of scientific literacy . • Studies estimated that cost of corruption in India amounts to over 10 percent of GDP. Corruption is one of the illness that prevent inclusive growth . • Literacy level has to be raised to provide the skilled work force required for higher e growth .

17. Child labour though banned by law. still many children are unaware of education as they lives are spoiled to labour work • Economic reforms of the country are overwhelmed by outdated Philosophies and allegations by politician s in India • Thus effects of such exclusion are staggering ,,deepening inequality across the world. The richest ten percent of the people inn the world own 85% of all assets while the poorest own only 15 %