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EUT440 ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY

EUT440 ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY. Knowledge Sincerity Excellence. RISK MANAGEMENT. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL (HIRARC). Risk. Risk - a combination of the probability that a particular outcome will occur and the severity of the harm involved.

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EUT440 ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY

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  1. EUT440 ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY • Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

  2. RISK MANAGEMENT HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL (HIRARC)

  3. Risk • Risk - a combination of the probability that a particular outcome will occur and the severity of the harm involved. • (Risiko - Kombinasikemungkinanberlakunyakejadianberbahaya/kemalangandankesanakibatnya) • Chance or probability of danger, loss or injuryoccuring • A measure of economicloss or humaninjury in terms of both the accident likelihood and magnitude (consequence) of loss or injury • It is a combination of incident, probability and consequences. • Danger – expresses the relative exposure to hazard. • A hazardmaypresence, but theremaybelittle danger because of the control strategyimplemented and safetyprecautionstaken.

  4. Hazard A source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to environment or a combination of these. (MS 1722:2003) Source, situation or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, or a combination of these. (OHSAS 18001:2007)

  5. Risk management involves the: hazard identification; assessment, and prioritization of risks; followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and controlthe probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. • Eliminating the hazard, if possible • Minimizing, if possible Controlling the risk • Controling the hazard Checking and Reviewing the risk control strategy

  6. Risk Management Policy • An organization should set out its approach to; and appetite for risk and its approach to risk management. • The policy should set out responsibilities for risk management throughout the organization and should refer to any legal requirement.

  7. Risk Management Standards

  8. Issues in Managing of Health at Workplace • Difficult to develop strategy due to: - Long latency period - Individual susceptibility factor • The difficulties are experienced by: - Designers - difficult in taking account of health risks in their specifications - Managers - determining the level of health protection that personnel require - Operatives - being aware of health risks and the systems, whether control or prevention, that are put in place to protect them.

  9. 7 common causes of workplace accidents • Shortcuts • Overconfidence • Poor or lack of housekeeping • Doing task with inadequate information • Neglecting safety procedures • Mental distractions • Lack of preparation

  10. Identifying types of HAZARDS and Various Route of Entry

  11. Types of HAZARDS - categories • Physical Hazards • Chemical Hazards • Biological Hazards • Electrical Hazards • Radiation Hazards • Psychological Hazards

  12. PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  13. Types of HAZARDS - categories Physical Hazards eg height, force, noise, vibration, lighting, etc - route -> tissue damage, hearing loss, lifting, manual handling, ergonomic, traffic hazards, collapse, falling objects

  14. Manual Handling • The lifting and carrying of loads is a big problem in every industry • Manual handling injuries contributed about 25% of all work-related injuries PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  15. How to reduce the effects? • Bagged materials must be less than 25 kg. • Apart of the weight factor, other factors also affect this manual handling related accident - The individual - The overall operation • Age • Gender • Training • Experience • Previous Injury PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  16. Work Related Upper Limb Disorder • WRULD is caused by repetitive movements (RSI) Diseases associated - Neck disorder -Shoulder disorder - Elbow disorder • Wrist and Hand Lesions • (localized area of diseased or • injured tissue) • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  17. Work Related Upper Limb Disorder • Factors associated with the development of WRULD - Resisting Excessive Force - Frequency and Duration of Movement • Jobs are dictated by machine rather than personnel - Posture - ERGONOMIC - Work Organization • Length of work period without rest breaks, lack of training and inadequate supervision - Psychosomatic Factors (illness due to the interaction of the mind and the body) • Poor awareness by managers and employees • Lack of management to detect problems • Poor ergonomic job design • Lack of training to control WRULD PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  18. Noise • It can cause hearing loss • Factors influencing hearing loss - Intensity of the noise - Frequency - Length of exposure • Individual Tolerance. • This factor is also affected • by other factors such as: • Age • Effect of Drugs PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  19. Sound Level in dB (A) Sources Harmfull 140 Jet Engine 130 Riveting Hammer Critical 120 Propeller Aircraft 110 Rock Drill 100 Typical outdoor construction, plate fabrication noise 90 Heavy Vehicle Safe 80 Pile drivers, power lawn mower, very busy traffic 70 Private car 60 Air compressor and concrete mixers 50 Conversation (at 1 m) 40 Average business office 30 Quite Whisper PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  20. How to control noise hazard? • Review the design and change if possible • Change with other processes or equipment • PPE (Personel Protective Equipment): Earmuff PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  21. Vibration • Result in tissue damage • Two kinds of vibration - Whole body vibration: vehicles • Segmental vibration: pneumatic handheld tools • (white knuckles) • How to control this hazard? - Use of vibration isolator - Select equipment that produces less vibration PHYSICAL HAZARDS

  22. PHYSICAL HAZARDS - examples PSYCOLOGICAL OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; • Electronics assembly worker – • Eye problems from doing close work, especially in poor light • Long periods with inadequate seating, can suffer from back and other musculoskeletal problems. • Solder fumes or solder “flecks” in the eye when the excess solder is cut off with pliers. Source: International Labor Organization (ILO)

  23. CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  24. Types of HAZARDS - categories ii. Chemical Hazards eg. Gas, Liquid, Vapor, Fumes, Mist, Dust, Asbestos, Lead -route -> Inhalation, skin contact with chemical, ingestion of chemical,

  25. Routes of Entry of Toxic Agents • Respiratory • Skin and eye contact • Mouth (Ingestion) • Injection CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  26. CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  27. Types of Effect • Acute - A lot of exposure - The reaction happen in short period of time • Chronic - Repeated small exposure - Long period of time CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  28. Common Types of Toxic Effect • Irritations - Lung • By inhaling some chemicals, e.g. ozone, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide - Skin: chemical, physical, mechanical and biological • Central Nervous System (CNS) Depression - Headache, Drowsiness, Unconsciousness - Organ affected: brain - Many solvents (toluene, xylene, ether, acetone) produce this effect if the vapor concentration is high CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  29. Common Types of Toxic Effect …cont • Asphyxia - Interfere with the transfer of oxygen - Suffocated because the bloodstream cannot supply enough oxygen - When the oxygen level of 21% drop to 16% - Sources • Gas from sewerage • Argon, propane, methane • Carbon monoxide • Hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen cyanide CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  30. Common Types of Toxic Effect …cont • Cancer - The effect is about 20-30 years - Sources • Benzene Æ Leukemia • Chromium, Beryllium and Arsenic Trioxide Æ Lung Cancer • Asbestos Æ Larynx, Lung and Abdomen cancer • Vynil Chloride Æ Liver Cancer • Coal Tar Pitch Æ Skin Cancer • Benzidine Æ Bladder Cancer CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  31. Common Types of Toxic Effect …cont • Pneumoconiosis • Dusts retained in the lung • Reduce the elasticity of the lung - Sources • Silica, beryllium, asbestos, iron oxide, tin • Reproductive Effect - Cause the ability to reproduce and fetal development • Mercury Æ Low birth weight • PCBs Æ Brown patches • Lead Æ Miscarriage • X-Rays and Some Pesticides (e.g., DBPC) Æ Decreased sperm cell and sterility CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  32. Common Types of Toxic Effect …cont • Systemic Poisons (effect whole body or at least a multiple of organs - Affect to more than one organ - Sources • Cadmium: - causes lung irritation, - impairs kidney normal function and - may cause sterility • Mercury: - Accumulation in the brain causes tremors and mood changes - Decreased kidney efficiency - Gum inflammation and excess saliva CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  33. Factors Affecting Toxic Effect • Factors related to the agent - Chemical Composition • Physical properties • Solubility in body fluids • Factors related to the Exposure Situation - Dose: how much and how long? - Co-factors: Presence of other materials • Factors related to the individuals - Individual differences: genetic status and allergic status - Age - Presence of predisposing disease: • Angina (Heart Disease) Æ cannot tolerate carbon monoxide • Emphysema (lung ailment) CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  34. Construction Materials Causing Occupational Diseases DISEASE Skin Respiratory Tract Lungs Eyes Nervous System Construction Material Form Oils Irritation Irritation Cement (Chromium) Lesions, Eczema, Burns Insulation Mineral wool Irritation Glass wool Irritation Isocyanate Damage Damage Asthma Asphalt Irritation, Burns Bronchitis, Increased risk of cancer Caulking and Sealants Polyacrylate Irritation Irritation Methyl ethyl ketone Irritation Irritation Methyl isobutyl ketone Irritation Irritation Isocyanate Eczema Asthma Adhesive Acrylic monomers Irritation Irritation Toluene Irritation Irritation Damage Xylene Irritation Irritation Damage Isocyanate Discomfort Epoxy Resin Irritation Polyamine Irritation Plasters, Drywall, Putties Irritation Irritation

  35. Construction Materials Causing Occupational Diseases Asbestos • It can cause lung cancer • The disease develops 20-40 years after exposure • Problems with asbestos in construction - Many construction contracts are being awarded without the contractors being informed of the presence of asbestos materials CHEMICAL HAZARDS

  36. CHEMICAL Hazard …..cont - Identification Hazards related materials - WorkplaceHazardousMaterial Information System (WHMIS) (Canada’s National WorkplaceHazard Communication Std) The key elements of the system are cautionary labelling of containers of WHMIS "controlled products", the provision of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)and worker education and training programs

  37. Class B: Flammable Class A: Compressed Gas& Combustible WHMIS Symbol Class C: Oxidizing Material Class D: Poisonous and Infectious Material

  38. Material Safety Data Sheets - MSDS A form with data regarding the detailed properties of a particular hazardous material An important component of product stewardship and workplace safety, it is intended to provide workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working with that substance in a safe manner

  39. What is an MSDS? • A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides detailed information about a specific hazardous material. An MSDS contains the following information: • Identity (name of substance) • Physical Hazards (target organ) - Health Hazards - Routes of Body Entry • Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) • Carcinogenic Factors (cancer causing) - Safe-Handling Procedures

  40. What is an MSDS? - Data of Sheet Preparation • Control Measures (personal protective equipment) • Emergency First Aid Procedures (emergency telephone number) - Contact Information (for the preparer of the sheet) - Special Instructions

  41. Sample

  42. Sample MSDS Page - Nitric Acid, 70% • This is a sample page from the MSDS for Nitric Acid, 70 percent. The product is made by the ABC Rubber Company, Science Products Division, P.O. Box M, Altonia, Illinois 40361. Effective date is 8- 21-85.

  43. Sample MSDS Page - Nitric Acid, 70% Product identification, synonyms, other names for nitric acid are: aqua fortis, azotic acid, nitric acid 70 percent. Formula CAS Number 7697-37-2. Molecular weight 63.00. Hazardous ingredients, not applicable. Chemical formula, HNO3. Precautionary measures, danger, strong oxidizer, contact with other materials may cause fire. Causes sever burns, may be fatal if swallowed. Harmful if inhaled. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Avoid breathing mist, use only with adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not store near combustible materials. Store in a tightly closed container. Remove and wash contaminated clothing properly.

  44. When Do You Use an MSDS? • You should use an MSDS whenever you need additional information about a hazardous material that is not included on the product label. • For example, you have spilled nitric acid on the floor, and you need to know how to clean it up safely. You need only refer to the "Safe-Handling Procedures" section of the nitric acid MSDS.

  45. Safe-Handling Procedures Section - Nitric Acid, 70% Sample Isolate or enclose the area of the leak or spill. Clean-up personnel should wear protective clothing and respiratory equipment suitable for toxic or corrosive fluids or vapors. For small spills: Flush with water, and neutralize with alkaline material (soda ash, lime, et cetera). Sewer with excess water. For larger spills and lot sizes: Neutralize with alkaline, pick up with absorbent material (sand, earth, vermiculite) and dispose in a RCRA approved waste facility or sewer the neutralized slurry with excess water if local ordinances allow. Provide forced ventilation to dissipate fumes. Reportable Quantity (RQ) (CWA/CERCLA): 1000 pounds Insure compliance with local, state and federal regulations.

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