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Clocks in the Rocks

Clocks in the Rocks. August 29 th 2008 Kimberly Samson ENG 5300. Earth Systems Science .

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Clocks in the Rocks

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  1. Clocks in the Rocks

    August 29th 2008 Kimberly Samson ENG 5300
  2. Earth Systems Science http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://etudesproject.org/sofia/gallery/geography/images/at-hyd-lith.gif&imgrefurl=http://etudesproject.org/sofia/gallery/geography/lessons/lesson01.html&h=235&w=243&sz=11&hl=en&start=12&um=1&tbnid=9dzH89O1AdfhTM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dearth%2Bscience%2Bsystems%2Bvenn%2Bdiagram%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4BBYA_en___US251%26sa%3DN
  3. How Old Are Rocks?Relative Age Relative Age can be determined by the Principle of Superposition -assuming no change in the layers, the oldest are on the bottom and the youngest are on the top.
  4. How Old Are Rocks?Absolute Age Radioactive dating can determine the Absolute Age of rocks.
  5. Isotopes Isotopes are elements that differ in number of neutrons. Some isotopes decay emitting energy Radioactive Rate at which elements decay determines rocks absolute age Radioactive isotopes include: Potassium, rubidium, strontium, uranium, and lead.
  6. Radioactivity Unstable nuclei emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation Nuclear radiation is the energy or matter released during the decay
  7. Types of Nuclear Radiation Alpha +2 charge α Beta -1 charge β Gamma 0 charge γ
  8. What happens to the Atomic Number? Alpha-Atomic # goes down by 2-Mass goes down by 4;can penetrate a piece of paper Uranium-238 decays through a decay into Thorium-234 Beta-Atomic # goes up by 1-Mass has no change; can penetrate a piece of aluminum Gamma-Atomic # and mass have no change; very powerful light energy; can penetrate lead
  9. Neutron Emission Release of high-energy neutron by a neutron-rich nuclei during radioactive decay No Charge Travel farther than alpha and beta particles
  10. Radioactive Decay Rates-Half Life Half-life is the time required for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay Half-life rates of common isotopes: Carbon-14 5,730 years Thorium-229 7,340 years Lead-202 52,500 years Uranium-238 4,468,000,000 years Rubidium-87 4,750,000,000 years
  11. Radiometric Dating-Clocks in the Rocks Virtual Dating Science Courseware viewed on July 19th 2008
  12. Radiometric Dating Cont. Radiometric Dating Berkley on July 19th 2008
  13. Half-Life Activity http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sfondideldesktop.com/Images-Games/Half-Life-2/Half-Life-2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freewebs.com/metroid003/photolab.htm&h=768&w=1024&sz=198&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=TbQwGeWJPBClNM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhalf%2Blife%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4BBYA_en___US251%26sa%3DN http://turbulentdensity.com/uploaded_images/pennies-721745.jpg
  14. Nuclear Strong Force Nuclear Strong Force-interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in a nucleus Contributes to stable nuclei Too many neutrons or protons cause nucleus to become unstable http://www.atomki.hu/atomki/NuclSpect/nucleus.jpg
  15. Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fission-process when a nucleus SPLITS into two or more smaller fragments Energy is released Neutrons released can start a chain reaction Chain reactions can be controlled http://ozymandias1.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/chain-reaction.jpg on August 21st 2008
  16. Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Fusion-process when light nuclei combine at extremely high temperatures, forming heavier nuclei and releasing energy http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/sci_nat_iter___the_next_generation_fusion_reactor/img/2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/sci_nat_iter___the_next_generation_fusion_reactor/html/2.stm&h=300&w=300&sz=14&hl=en&start=9&um=1&usg=__pJbSvkXpHCoit9iMZ47jR9UXpYc=&tbnid=snU7uPDsocrZ6M:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsun%2Bfusion%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4BBYA_en___US251%26sa%3DN http://www.atomicarchive.com/Fusion/Images/fusion.jpg accessed on August 21st 2008
  17. Resources http://www.idahogeology.org/FieldWorkshops/Island_Park_2007b/Cash_Activities/Half-life_activity.pdf accessed on July 18th 2008 http://richardbowles.tripod.com/chemistry/radio/radio.htmaccessed on August 21st 2008 http://nemo.sciencecourseware.org/VirtualDating/ access on July 18th 2008 http://astro.berkeley.edu/~dperley/areopagus/isotopetable.html accessed on August 21st 2008 Dobson, K., Holman, J. and Roberts, M. Holt Science Spectrum : A Physical Approach. (2001) New York: Holt, Rinehardt and Winston. (Chapters 7 and 17) Note: All websites accessed on July 18th, July 19th or August 21st 2008.
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