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Biology

Biology . Take out notebooks. Section 1-1 What is Science? . Science is a process in which observations and tests are performed to understand the world around us. Humans are curious about the world, used to be explained by myths and legends. The goal of science : .

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Biology

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  1. Biology Take out notebooks

  2. Section 1-1 What is Science? • Science is a process in which observations and tests are performed to understand the world around us. Humans are curious about the world, used to be explained by myths and legends.

  3. The goal of science : • To investigate and understand the world around us. • To explain events in the natural world • To use those explanations to make useful observations. Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world.

  4. Scientific research/thought includes • Observation – The process of gathering information called data. • Two types of data: • Quantitative – can be counted or measured/numbers • Qualitative- descriptive, cannot be counted • Inference- a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience • Hypothesis- a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations (educated guess) • Science knowledge is always changing (an ongoing process)

  5. Create Flashcards for vocabulary for HW • Science • Observation • Quantitative data • Qualitative data • Inference • Hypothesis

  6. Section 1-2 • Spontaneous generation is the idea that life can arise from non-life. • Read section 1-2 in dragonfly text. • Write a paragraph in your notebook summarizing how Francesco Redi disproved the Theory of Spontaneous generation. • Be sure to include details about how he used the scientific method in his experiment. • HW: Continue reading section 1.2 and describe Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteurs experiments. Be sure to answer in paragraph form. Describe how each of their experiments were related.

  7. Designing an experiment 1. Ask a question 2. Form a hypothesis (make observation) 3. Set up a controlled experiment • Variable- factor in an experiment that is changed • An experiment should contain only one variable. • All other variables/factors should be controlled (unchanged). • Called a controlled experiment

  8. Designing an experiment continued • Manipulated variable- factor that is deliberately changed. • Responding variable- factor that changes in response to the manipulated variable, it is observed. 4. Record and analyze results 5. Draw conclusions (could refute hypothesis)

  9. Important scientists • Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope and discovered microscopic animals in water. He called them animalcules. • Spallanzani found the gravy did not produce living things; the microorganisms came from the air. • Redi experiment- meat in jars, covered the jars with gauze to keep out flies, but let in the air. Maggots appear only in open jars. Disproved theory of spontaneous generation. • Pasteur (Aventis-sanofi)- French scientist, 1800’s • Settled argument about air needed for life • Designed flask with long curved neck (air could get in, but not dust) • No living things grew in the broth • Proved all living things come from other living things • Convinced others that there was no such thing as spontaneous generation • Discovered that infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms

  10. When experiments are not possible: • Field studies: observe animals in the wild • Population samples (large groups give more reliable results) • Theory- A well tested hypothesis, always with the same result. • Biogenesis- generating life from life.

  11. Create Vocabulary flashcards for HW • Spontaneous generation • Variable • Controlled experiment • Manipulated variable • Responding variable • Leeuwenhoek • Spallanzani • Redi • Pasteur • Theory • Biogenesis

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