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Contraceptive Choices

Contraceptive Choices. 8.ICR.3.2 Evaluate methods of FDA-approved contraceptives in terms of their safety and their effectiveness in preventing unintended pregnancy. Objectives. Identify major considerations examined when choosing contraceptive methods List commonly used contraceptive methods

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Contraceptive Choices

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  1. Contraceptive Choices 8.ICR.3.2 Evaluate methods of FDA-approved contraceptives in terms of their safety and their effectiveness in preventing unintended pregnancy.

  2. Objectives • Identify major considerations examined when choosing contraceptive methods • List commonly used contraceptive methods • Explain how each contraceptive works • Evaluate contraceptive options

  3. Chemical, device, or action used to prevent pregnancy • Works in a variety of ways • NOT a method to reduce risk for STDs! What is Contraception?

  4. Reflect : • Individual health risks • Implications of unplanned pregnancy • Risks for STDs • Convenience and comfort level • Type of relationship • Ease of use and cost • Religious or other philosophical beliefs • Can be used by either male or female Which Contraceptive Method is Right?

  5. Effectiveness Convenience Cost Reversibility Risks (safety) STD protection Considerations

  6. Abstaining from sexual intercourse for a chosen period of time. • Considerations: • Effectiveness: 100% • Convenience: 100% • Reversibility: immediate • Risks: none • STD protection: perfect (if used consistently) It’s the one method that everyone uses at some point in their lives!! Abstinence

  7. LARC: Newest Recommendation • Long acting reversible contraceptives • Include: • Implant (Implanon or Nexplanon) • IntraUterine Device (IUD: Mirena or ParaGard) • These contraception are highly effectively and are considered the BEST choices for reducing risk for teen pregnancy. • Paired with a condom, they are even more effective (Double Dutch!)

  8. IUD: Paragard (not a hormonal method) • Small, "T-shaped" device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy . ParaGard contains copper. • Safe, effective, and long lasting. Paragard lasts for 12 years. • Must be inserted by a health care provider.

  9. Hormonal Methods • Considerations • Effectiveness: 92 – 99.95% • Convenience: requires a prescription and usually an exam (Pap and pelvic) • Cost: depends on method • Reversibility: quick return to normal fertility (except injectables) • Risks: mild (breast tenderness) to severe (increased risk of blood clots) • STD protection: none!

  10. IUD: Mirena • Small, "T-shaped" device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Mirena releases a small amount or progestin. • Safe, effective, and long lasting. Mirena lasts for 5 years. • Must be inserted by a health care provider.

  11. Placed under skin by professional to deliver small, steady doses of progestin Implanon and Nexplanon: 1 capsule; effective for three years Highest effectiveness rate of hormonal methods (removes human error) Implants

  12. Depo-Provera • Long acting progestins injected every 12 weeks • Works like implants and OCs - side effects are same • Decrease in bone density (woman should increase physical activity and calcium intake) • Greater likelihood of weight gain • Slower return to normal fertility (12-18 months after disuse) • High pregnancy prevention effectiveness • No visible evidence Injectables

  13. Ortho Evra Ortho Evra: Contraceptive Skin Patch • Hormones absorbed through the skin • Side effects similar to oral contraceptives • New patch once a week for 3 weeks; then leave off patch during 4th week • Can be used on outer arm, upper torso, buttocks, or abdomen • 99.7% effective

  14. Nuvaring Nuvaring • 2.1 inch ring inserted into vagina for 3 weeks and removed for one week • Releases progestin and estrogen directly into blood system • 99.7% effective

  15. Mimic hormonal activity of progesterone • prevents ovulation • thickens cervical mucus • changes lining of the uterus • Not recommended for females who: • smoke • have blood clots, heart disease, stroke, cancer, liver problems, high blood pressure, and migraines • Should be taken at the same time everyday Also available: • Seasonale/Seasonique • Take pills continuously for 3 months • Menstruation occurs 4 times per year • Lybrel (approved 2007) • 365 day pill Oral Contraceptives, a.k.a. “the Pill”

  16. Barrier Methods • Male and female condoms • Work by physically blocking sperm from reaching egg • Considerations: • Effectiveness: 79 – 95% (female condom is lower) • Convenience: easily accessible, interrupts sex • Cost: low or free • Reversibility: immediate • Risks: latex allergy (opt for polyurethane) • STD protection: high (the best of all the methods except abstinence)

  17. Best Practices: • Store in a cool, dry place • Check expiration date • Use a new condom with every act of intercourse • Leave a receptacle in the tip • Use before any sexual contact begins • Remove without leaking any fluid Male Condom

  18. Approved by the FDA in 1993 Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse Provides protection against STDs; not as high as male condom Made of polyurethane Female Condom

  19. Other Methods • Vaginal spermicides • Withdrawal

  20. Work by killing sperm on contact • Foams, jellies, creams: Used 30 minutes in advance • Reapply after 1 hour • Suppositories, and films: Wait 15 minutes to dissolve • Effective for 1 hour • Considerations • Effectiveness: 71 - 82% • Convenience: over-the-counter • Reversibility: @ 1 hour • Risks: allergic reaction • STD protection: none! • Not a “stand alone” method, use with a male or female condom Vaginal Spermicides

  21. Withdrawal • Removing the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation • Concerns: • Pre-ejaculatory fluid which contains sperm and may contain pathogens causing STDs • Relies on control and motivation of the male • Considerations • Effectiveness: @ 73% • Convenience: free • Reversibility: immediate • Risks: low effectiveness rate • STD protection: none! Poor Choice!

  22. Always choose… • Double Dutch • When intercourse takes place, the male is using a condom and the female is using a reliable contraceptive, such as a hormonal method • Enhances the effectiveness to almost 100%

  23. Initiate support and communication Buy and Use Condoms when appropriate Help pay contraceptive cost Be available for shared responsibility for consequences of contraceptive failure A Male’s Role

  24. Rehearse communication with a friend Choose a good time to discuss methods Share what you know and how you feel about it Listen Pick a method both parties can live with Communication

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