MANX Update: MANX Following MICE at RAL

1. MANX Update:MANX Following MICE at RAL MICE cm 23 – January 14, 2008 Richard Sah

2. Outline • MANX Concept • Helical Cooling Channels (6-D Cooling) • MANX Following MICE at RAL Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

3. MANX Concept • Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory Ionization Cooling Experiment (MANX) • Construction of a Helical Solenoid (HS) and its installation at RAL as part of MICE. This HS magnet is very similar to that used in simulations of the mu2e experimental upgrade for the Project-X era at Fermilab • Goals and Organization • Test of momentum-dependent Helical Cooling Channel (HCC), applicable to muon colliders, neutrino factories, and stopping muon beams • Proposal to organize MANX as a joint Fermilab-RAL project • Fermilab responsible for magnet and detector upgrades • RAL provides the MICE beam line, where much of the MICE apparatus can be reused Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

4. Key MANX features Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009 • Will Test: • Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) • p-dependent HCC with continuous absorber • Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS) and absorber similar to that required for upgrade to mu2e experiment • Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL) • Minimizes costs and time • no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorber • RF is developed in parallel with new concepts • builds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectors

5. Outline: HCC • In recent years, the concept of Helical Cooling Channels has been invented and developed for 6-D muon-beam cooling • Ionization Cooling • Transverse Emittance IC • Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorbers • Helical Cooling Channels (HCC) Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

6. m Muons, Inc. Principle of Ionization Cooling • Each particle loses momentum by ionizing a low-Z absorber • Only the longitudinal momentum is restored by RF cavities • The angular divergence is reduced until limited by multiple scattering • Successive applications of this principle with clever variations leads to small emittances for many applications • Early work: Budker, Ado & Balbekov, Skrinsky & Parkhomchuk, Neuffer 6

7. Transverse Emittance IC The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance between cooling (first term) and heating (second term): Here nis the normalized emittance, Eµis themuon energy in GeV, dEµ/ds and X0 are the energy loss and radiation length of the absorber medium,  is the transverse beta-function of the magnetic channel, and  is the particle velocity. Bethe-Bloch Moliere (with low Z mods) Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

8. Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorber for Emittance Exchange and 6d Cooling Ionization Cooling is only transverse. To get 6D cooling, emittance exchange between transverse and longitudinal coordinates is needed. THIS RH CONCEPTUAL PICTURE BE REALIZED? A MANX GOAL! Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

9. Helical Cooling Channel Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009 • First simulations showed factor of ~150,000 reduction in 6d emittance in less than 100 m of HCC. • ~40,000 microns normalized transverse acceptance • Used 200 MHz H2-pressurized cavities inside magnet coils. (absorber and RF occupy same space) • Engineering Implementation requires creativity • Coils outside of such large RF Cavities are difficult. Solutions? • bigger coils: Helical Solenoid with/without correction coils • smaller cavities: 1) dielectric-loaded or 2) traveling wave solutions • smaller pitch angle (weaker helical dipole) eases field at conductor • H2-Pressurized RF cavities are undeveloped/unproven • Max RF gradient shown to be insensitive to external B field. • MTA proton beam tests soon. (SF6 dopant calcs/tests encouraging)

10. 6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber Helical cooling channel (HCC) Continuous absorber for emittance exchange Solenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fields Helical dipoles known from Siberian Snakes z- and time-independent Hamiltonian Derbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-AB http://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdf Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

11. Particle Motion in an HCC Magnet Combined function magnet (invisible in this picture) Solenoid + Helical dipole + Helical Quadrupole Red: Reference orbit Blue: Beam envelope Magnet Center Dispersive component makes longer path length for higher momentum particles and shorter path length for lower momentum particles. Opposing radial forces Transforming to the frame of the rotating helical dipole leads to a time and z –independent Hamiltonian b' added for stability and acceptance 11

12. Some Important Relationships m Muons, Inc. Hamiltonian Solution Equal cooling decrements Longitudinal cooling only ~Momentum slip factor ~ 12

13. Two Different Designs of Helical Cooling Magnet m Muons, Inc. Great new innovation! Large bore channel (conventional) Small bore channel (helical solenoid) • Siberian snake type magnet • Consists of 4 layers of helix dipole to produce • tapered helical dipole fields. • Coil diameter is 1.0 m. • Maximum field is more than 10 T. • Helical solenoid coil magnet • Consists of 73 single coils (no tilt). • Maximum field is 5 T • Coil diameter is 0.5 m. 13

14. HS for Cooling Demonstration Experiment Goals: cooling demonstration, HS technology development Features: SSC NbTi cable, Bmax~6 T, coil ID ~0.5m, length ~10m 14

15. Outline:MANX Following MICE at RAL • What It Is • Changes Required for MANX • Current Status of MANX • Participating Institutions • Summary Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

16. MANX Following MICE at RAL Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

17. MANX Following MICE • The HS will be installed at the MICE beam line, where much of the MICE apparatus can be reused. • However, changes will be required • Incident muon beam momentum increased to 350 MeV/c • MANX requires more precise longitudinal momentum resolution, for a 6-D cooling experiment, perhaps by TOF measurements • MANX may need upgraded Cherenkov counters to identify muons and reject pions at 350 MeV/c • Particle trajectories must be measured at a number of positions within the cooling channel, in order to test the theory of cooling within the HCC • There may be differences in triggering and in DAQ • Experimental layout must be reconfigured for the HCC, matching sections, and detectors Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

18. Muons, Inc. Project History Underlined are explicitly related to HCC Year Project Expected Funds Research Partner 2002-5 High Pressure RF Cavity $600,000 IIT (Dan K.) 2003-7 Helical Cooling Channel $850,000 Jlab (Slava D.) 2004-5 MANX demo experiment $ 95,000 FNAL TD (Victor Y.) 2004-7 Phase Ionization Cooling $745,000 Jlab (Slava D.) 2004-7 HTS Magnets $795,000 FNAL TD (Victor Y.) 2005-9 Reverse Emittance Exch. $850,000 Jlab (Slava D.) 2005-9 Capture, ph. rotation $850,000 FNAL AD (Dave N.) 2006-9 G4BL Sim. Program $850,000 IIT (Dan K.) 2006-9 MANX 6D Cooling Demo $850,000 FNAL TD (M. Lamm) 2007-10 Stopping Muon Beams $750,000 FNAL APC (Chuck A.) 2007-10 HCC Magnets $750,000 FNAL TD (Sasha Z.) 2007-8 Compact, Tunable RF $100,000 FNAL AD (Milorad P.) 2008-9 Pulsed Quad RLAs $100,000 Jlab (Alex B.) 2008-9 Fiber Optics for HTS $100,000 FSU (Justin S.) 2008-9 RF Breakdown Studies $100,000 LBNL (Derun L.) 2008-9 Rugged RF Windows $100,000 Jlab (Bob Rimmer) 2008-9 H2-filled RF Cavities $100,000 FNAL APC (Katsuya Y.) 2009 Illinois matching $150,000 DCEO (Hedin) Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

19. HCC Magnets for MANX Prototype coils for MANX have been designed and modeled. Construction of a 4-coil assembly using SSC cable is complete. Tests in the TD vertical Dewar will start soon. Since the MANX matching sections are made of coils with varying offset, they are more expensive than the cooling region. Consequently the total magnet cost can be drastically reduced if the matching sections are not needed. Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

20. HCC Magnets using HTS Beam cooling to reduce the size of a muon beam depends on the magnetic field strength. The Phase II proposal to develop this hybrid scheme has been approved. Here a hybrid magnet of Nb3Sn (green) and HTS (red) could provide up to 30 T in an HCC design. Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

21. MANX as a Pre-cooler 10kPOT z = 3 m z = 0 m z = 6 m p (MeV/c) • Used LiH plate in this simulation • Good transmission Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

22. Simpler Option without Matching Sections Magnet ~$10M Magnet < $5M LHe or LH2 region Requires transverse displacement of downstream spectrometer Matching sections Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

23. Discussions with MICE Collaboration • Rolland Johnson presented the idea of “MANX Following MICE at RAL” to the MICE Collaboration (October 20, 2008, at RAL) • A MICE Collaboration Committee was formed to investigate this concept • Questions were posed by John Cobb • Answers have been provided by Muons, Inc. • Feb 09 presentation to FNAL AAC has been scheduled • A 55-page proposal has been prepared • Will request support from FNAL for MANX at MICE ($5-10M magnet) • An expression of interest from the MICE collaboration would be very welcome! • We invite HIT to become seriously involved in the HS for MANX. Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

24. Participating Institutions Muons, Inc. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility University of Chicago University of California at Riverside Illinois Institute of Technology Northern Illinois University Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009

25. Summary: MANX Richard Sah – MICE cm23 January 14, 2009 • Will Test: • Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) • p-dependent HCC with continuous absorber • Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS) and absorber similar to that required for upgrade to mu2e experiment • Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL) • Minimizes costs and time • no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorber • RF is developed in parallel with new concepts • builds on MICE, adds 6-D capability, ~ps detectors