Administrative Tax Law

1. Administrative Tax Law Tx 8030

2. Dual Dimensions of Tax Laws PLRs TAMs Internal Memos Revenue Rulings Revenue Procedures Judicial Decisions Treasury Regulations Internal Revenue Code

3. Regulations: Purpose • Interpret and explains the _____ • Provides details that ________ did not • Uses simple __________ to illustrate points

4. Regulations:Numbering System • Example: Reg. §1.351-1(a)(2) • Prefix identifies type of ____ • IRC section follows _______ • Recent practice is to add ___________ • Reg. number follows _______ • Cap T identifies __________ regulations • Paragraph and _____________

5. Regulations:Nature and Legal Weight • Legislative regulations • Requested by __________ • Nearly “______ and _______” of law • Involves ____ rules, not just interpretation • ____ applied retroactively • General or interpretative regulations • Merely _________ existing law • May apply ______________ • Still difficult to _________

6. Regulations:Nature and Legal Weight • Reenactment doctrine • IRS may apply _____________ regulations • Section _____ imposes an accuracy-related penalty for “negligence or disregard of rules and regulations.” • Regs are not continuously ________ and often are _____________ with the Code

7. Regulations: Type • Proposed regulations • Analogous to tax ______; provide __________ • Less ______ than final or temporary regulations • Comment period of ≥ ___ days • Temporary regulations • Same weight as ______ regulations • Simultaneously issued as ________ regulations • Provide _____ guidance and stop taxpayer ____ • Expire after __ years • Final regulations

8. Regulations: Publication • Appear in most tax services, LEXIS, and CheckPoint • “The Regs aren’t ____ ____” • §385 (issued in _____) • Rely on ___________ reports • Note ____________ date

9. Revenue Rulings:Numbering System • Rev. Rul. 78-21, 1978-3 IRB 6 • Temporary cite • _____ ruling issued in _____ • ____ weekly bulletin on page __ • Rev. Rul. 78-21, 1978-1 CB 135 • Permanent cite • _____ ruling issued in _____ • ____ volume of _____ CBs on page ____

10. Revenue Rulings:Authority & Scope • Do not have _____ and effect of ____ • Useful as precedent • ____ litigation position • Not ________ on courts • Check ________ for status • Check for _______ when Code and Regs have changed

11. Revenue Procedures • Involve either: • ___________ procedures taxpayers use • IRS internal _________ • Similar to Revenue Rulings in: • Authority • Citation form • Publication

12. Written Determinations: Types • Private Letter Rulings • __________ transactions • IRS ________ Office • Technical Advice Memorandum • ___________ transactions • IRS ________ Office • Determination Letters • Questions of _______ • IRS _______ Office

13. Written Determinations:Legal Weight • Cannot be used as _________ • Slightly authoritative

14. Written Determinations: Numbering System • Example: PLR 8325011 • ____ ruling • _____ week • _____

15. Written Determinations:Publications • Government does not _______ • Commercially available • LEXIS and CheckPoint

16. Internal Memoranda • General Counsel Memorandums • About _______ Rev. Rul., PLRs, and TAMs • ______ Memorandums since 1980 • Actions on Decisions • IRS decision whether to ______ • IRS decision whether to ________ • Technical Memoranda • Background about _________ regulations

17. Information Releases • News or Information Releases • Notices • New _____, changes in _________ rates, etc. • May curb abuse without issuing __________ • Published in ____ • Announcements • _______ of law, not substantive interpretation • Previews of soon-to-be-released __________ • Published only in _____