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Rare Kaon Decays: Opportunities for CERN

Rare Kaon Decays: Opportunities for CERN. Short Introduction Present: NA48/1: K S → p 0 ee ( mm ) First Observations! NA48/2: K + / K - Data Taking in 2003/2004 Future: NA48/3 K + → p + n n TODAY MAIN FOCUS NA48/4 K L → p 0 ee ( mm )

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Rare Kaon Decays: Opportunities for CERN

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  1. Rare Kaon Decays: Opportunities for CERN • Short Introduction • Present: • NA48/1: KS → p0 ee (mm) First Observations! • NA48/2: K+ / K- Data Taking in 2003/2004 • Future: • NA48/3 K+→p+n n TODAY MAIN FOCUS • NA48/4 KL→p0 ee (mm) • NA48/5 KL→p0n n A. Ceccucci, CERN

  2. CP-Violation in SM A phase in the CKM matrix leads to CP-Violation Ng=2 Nphase=0  No CP-Violation Ng=3 Nphase=1  CP-Violation Possible • Predictions: • Direct-CP Violation: e’/e 0 NA48, KTeV • CP violation in the B meson sector: ACP(J/y Ks), BaBar, Belle • Paradigm shift: • Look for inconsistencies measuring the SM parameters using observables with small theoretical errors (< 10%) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  3. Kaon Rare Decays and the SM (holy grail) CP-Violation CP-Conservation Kaons provide quantitative tests of SM independent from B mesons JCP=2(Triangle Area) is the unique measure of CP-Violation in SM JCP = Im(Vud*VusVts*Vtd) ~ cosqc sinqcIm lt Im lt = A2l5h, Re lt = A2l5r A. Ceccucci, CERN

  4. Current Status G. Isidori STILL A LARGE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY EXISTS A. Ceccucci, CERN

  5. NA48 Detector & Data Taking NA48: ’/ 1997 ’/ 1998 ’/ 1999 no spectrometer 2000 KL NA48/1 KS ’/lower inst. intensity 2001 2002 NA48/1: KS 2003 NA48/2: K Total: 5.3M KL00 1996 • CERN SPS • Magnetic spectrometer • Liquid krypton EM calorimeter NA48/2: K 2004 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  6. The Past: NA48 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  7. NA48: Re e’/e=14.7 ± 2.2 10-4 Top 10 articles from Physics Letters B: • 1. The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00466-3 Physics Letters B, Volume 429, Issues 3-4 , 18 June 1998, Pages 263-272 Nima Arkani-Hamed, Savas Dimopoulos and Gia Dvali • 2. A precision measurement of direct CP violation in the decay of neutral kaons into twopions http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02476-0Physics Letters B, Volume 544, Issues 1-2 , 19 September 2002, Pages 97-112 J. R. Batley et al. (NA48 Collaboration) • 3. Has the GZK suppression been discovered? http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00105-9 Physics Letters B, Volume 556, Issues 1-2 , 13 March 2003, Pages 1-6, John N. Bahcall and Eli Waxman • 4. Testable scenario for relativity with minimum length http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00506-8 Physics Letters B, Volume 510, Issues 1-4 , 21 June 2001, Pages 255-263 Giovanni Amelino-Camelia • 5. Role of effective interaction in nuclear disintegration processes http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00801-3 Physics Letters B, Volume 566, Issues 1-2 , 24 July 2003, Pages 90-97 D. N. Basu • 6. Determination of solar neutrino oscillation parameters using 1496 days of Super-Kamiokande-I data http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02090-7 Physics Letters B, Volume 539, Issues 3-4 , 18 July 2002, Pages 179-187 S. Fukuda et al. • …. A. Ceccucci, CERN

  8. The Present: NA48/1 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  9. KL→p0ee(mm) p0 KL KS e e • Before discussing KL decays later in the talk, one has to address: • CP-Conserving amplitude • Very small for KL→p0ee , according to the NA48 measurement of KL→p0gg • CP-Violating amplitude from K0-K0bar mixing • A measurement of KS→p0ee(mm) is required… • ...it was exactly the goal of NA48/1 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  10. MDX100 magnet MTNV magnet Artist’s view of the Target station (Vertical section) KS KL 400 GeV protons W insert Be target Pt Converter Horizontal (KL) beam axis Bronze plug 1:1 0.6 m 10mm MTNV magnet 0.5 m MDX100 magnet 1:25 6.23 m CERN-NA48/1: High Intensity KS Converges to KLaxis at -0.6 mrad A. Ceccucci, CERN

  11. NA48/1: KS→ p0 ee KS→ p0p0D→ggee(g) KS→p0 ee MC MC • To reject the KS→ p0p0Ddecays that may mimic KS→p0 ee if a g is lost, a cut mee>0.165GeV/c2 is applied A. Ceccucci, CERN

  12. NA48/1: KS→p0 ee e+-e-+ (Odd Sign) DATA e+-e-+ DATA vs. MC Blind Control & Signal regions meegg (GeV/c2) mee (GeV/c2) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  13. NA48/1: KS→p0 ee e+-e+- (Same Sign) DATA e+-e+- DATA vs. MC Search region meegg (GeV/c2) mee (GeV/c2) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  14. NA48/1: KS→p0 ee Background from KL,S→eegg : measured using NA48 KL data from 2001 N(KL→eegg, 2001)  10 × N(KL,S→eegg, 2002) meegg(GeV/c2) mgg(GeV/c2) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  15. NA48/1: KS→p0 ee Accidental backgrounds • DC proton beam • Read out window: ~ 200ns • Use time side band to measure background from time-overlapping fragments from different decays • Major component: • epn+ p0p0(p0) • Confirmed relaxing E/P cuts meegg (GeV/c2) mgg (GeV/c2) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  16. NA48/1: KS→p0 ee SUMMARY OF BACKGROUNDS: • Many other sources investigated and found to be negligible (e,g neutral cascade decays) • Blind analysis: Control and signal region remained masked until the study of the background was finished A. Ceccucci, CERN

  17. NA48/1: KS→p0 ee • 7 candidates in the • signal region • 0 in control region • Background 0.15 • The probability that all 7 • events are background • is ~10-10 meegg (GeV/c2) mgg (GeV/c2) First observation of KS→p0 ee A. Ceccucci, CERN

  18. The 7 KS→p0ee candidates Meegg (GeV/c2) t/tS Mgg (GeV/c2) Mee (GeV/c2) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  19. NA48/1: KS→p0 ee PL B576 (2003); hep-ex/0309075 BR(KS→p0ee, mee>165 MeV/c2) = (3.0+1.5-1.2(stat)± 0.2(syst))×10-9 • Assuming vector interaction and unity form factor: • In remarkable agreement with L. Sehgal prediction: ~5.5 ×10-9 NP B19 (1970) BR(KS→p0ee) = (5.8 +2.8-2.3(stat) ± 0.8(syst))×10-9 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  20. NA48/1: KS→p0mm • Study of backgrounds from KL→p0p+p-→ p0 (mn)(mn) • MC = 22 times the data • None of the simulated events falls in the signal box A. Ceccucci, CERN

  21. NA48/1: KS→p0mm • Backgrounds from Neutral Cascade decays are rejected using a Momentum ratio cut • Radiative (mmgg) backgrounds: 0.04 ± 0.04 events A. Ceccucci, CERN

  22. NA48/1: KS→p0mm Study of accidental backgrounds • KL→pm n + KS→p0(p0) • KS→p+p- + KS→p0(p0) • Studied in time side band • 6 events in ~125 ns • 0.18 +0.18-0.11 background events expected in the in time signal region A. Ceccucci, CERN

  23. NA48/1: KS→p0mm BR(KS→p0mm)  109 = 2.9 +1.4-1.2(stat) ± 0.2(syst) La Thuile 2004 First Observation! 6 events Expected back. 0.22+019-0.12 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  24. Dilepton invariant mass distributions NA48/1 NA48/1 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  25. Extraction of form factor • VMD bs/as = 0.4 • Data compatible with VMD • Too low statistics to • extract the two parameters Assuming VMD: BR(KS→p0 ee) = 5.2 |as|2  10-9 |as|pee = 1.06 +0.26-0.21±0.07 BR(KS→p0mm) = 1.2 |as|2  10-9 |as|pmm = 1.55 +0.38-0.32±0.05 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  26. Prediction using SM fit and NA48/1 result See Buchalla,Isidori,D’Ambrosio for updates:hep-ph/0308008 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  27. The Present: NA48/2 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  28. NA48/2 : K+/K- • Search for direct CP violation • in Dalitz plot slope asymmetry • in K±   decay • Ke4 decays • Rare K± decays NA48/2 takes data also in 2004 NA48/2 Very Preliminary K± → p± ee Simultaneous K+ and K- beams A. Ceccucci, CERN

  29. The Future: NA48/3K+→p+nn A. Ceccucci, CERN

  30. Importance of Villars SPSC Meeting From the address of R. Aymar, CERN CEO, to the CERN staff on 13/1/04: “… 4. Another goal [for 2004-2010] would be: • To define possible new fixed-target experiments, highly praised at another “Cogne” meeting in September 2004 • To decide in 2006 on the possible planning and the start of implementation of the Linac 4 and/or any proposed R&D or experiment, depending on the funds availableor expected at that time...” A. Ceccucci, CERN

  31. Implications of Villars • Focus on a programme that can have a big impact (don’t be modest): • The reviewers will have a close look at the physics potential • Aim to a 10% measurement of |Vtd| via K+→p+n n • Since the time is very tight, use what is best best known • Start from NA48/2 and extrapolate to the ultimate experiment • To have a proposal evaluated by a Scientific Committee takes time • To seek approval in 2006 and take data in 2008 one has to act now • Express Interest now in order to protect assets such as: • Availability of ECN3 (the only high radiation area for SPS) • Availability of high intensity, slowly extracted protons from SPS • LKr calorimeter • Beam test as many things as possible in 2004 before the planned stop of the SPS in 2005 (2006?) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  32. K+→p+nn : Theory • The hadronic matrix element can be extracted from • the well measuredK+→p0 e n • No long distance contributions QCD NLO Buchalla, Buras 1999 As an example, within the SM, using ACP(J/KS) and ek as input: BR(K+→ pnn) = 7.1 ± 1.0 × 10-11 (Kettell, Nguyen, Landsberg, hep-ph/0212321) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  33. K+→p+nn : Experiment Region I Region II p+ in the K+ CM A. Ceccucci, CERN

  34. State of the art:AGS-E787/E949 K+→p+nn A. Ceccucci, CERN

  35. AGS-E787/E949 K+→p+nn hep-ex/0403036 BR(K+→ p+ nn ) = 1.47+1.30-0.89 × 10-10 (SM~0.7 10-10) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  36. Run 12 weeks in 2002: Result just released Plans to collect more data to reach ~10 events @ SM by 2010? Plans to continue with the stopped kaon technique at J-PARC? K+→p+nnE949 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  37. CKM@FNAL-MI • Proposal to measure ~100 K+→ p+n n in flight • Make redundant measurements: spectrometer and RICH • 22 GeV/cseparated kaon beam • TURNED DOWN BY P5 HEPAP SUB-PANEL FOR COST REASONS (100 MUSD) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  38. CKM@MI22 GeV/c Separated Kaon beam p0 from K+p0p+of soft energy  not easy to veto In addition p0 is backward in CM very bulky vetoes Are required A. Ceccucci, CERN

  39. NA48/3 • Build on the NA48/2 infrastructure and detectors to save on cost • Use a high energy (un-separated) kaon beam to simplify the rejection of K+→p+p0 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  40. K+→p+nn : NA48/3 (75 GeV/c) K+→m+n Region I K+→p+nn Region II K+→p+p+p- K+→p+p0 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  41. NA48/3: Layout 0.0 • Unseparated, positive beam of 75 GeV/c with DP/P~1% • Detectors upstream of the decay region: • Differential Cherenkov counter (CEDAR) to positively identify kaons • Beam spectrometer to make a redundant momentum measurement and to measure the kaon direction (KABES) • It requires ~100 ps time resolution. We are investigating: • Micromega-type chambers (already employed in NA48/2) • Silicon micro-pixel detectors • Detectors Downstream of the decay region • Double magnetic spectrometer for redundancy (with “Chinese” copy of NA48 dipole) • Charged hodoscope for timing • Hermetic photon vetoes (upgrade NA48 ring anti-counters) • High performance forward photon veto (NA48 LKr calorimeter) • Finely segmented Hadron Calorimeter/Muon veto A. Ceccucci, CERN

  42. NA48/3: Beam layout A. Ceccucci, CERN

  43. Some documentation is available on the Web (http://cern.ch/doble) : Beam Documentation for NA48 Please find below the updated geometry files (Beatch) for the P42 and K12 beams to NA48: . . . . . . . K12HIKA (dated 18/03/04) represents the latest tentative attempt to describe the layout of a high- acceptance, small momentum-bite (75.00.7 GeV/c) K+ beam for a possible future K+ -> pi+ nu nubar experiment (NA48/3). The beam is derived from the existing target station T10 along the present K12 beam line of length 102.0m to the exit of the final collimator. It features large-acceptance, radiation-resistant quadrupoles, a front-end achromat for momentum definition, a beam cleaning stage and a parallel section, incorporating a CEDAR differential Cerenkov counter to tag the K+, followed by a second achromat accommodating 3 spectrometer+tracking stations: KABES(1),(2)+(3). For the measurement of the decay pi+, the last 12m section of the decay-vacuum tank (blue tube) has been replaced by an additional (first) spectrometer comprising detectors: WC 1,2, 4 fore and aft of a (new) MNP33-1 magnet, followed by the present (second) spectrometer comprising: WC 3, 5,6 and the present MNP33-2 magnet, giving pT-kicks of +-210 MeV/c (deflecting the beam by +-2.8mrad.), respectively, resulting in a ~35 mm parallel displacement inside the beam tube. Photon veto counters with radial coverage of, respectively, 40 < r < 90mm (PHOT.VETO1) and r < 90mm (PHOT.2) are shown in front of the Kevlar window and at the end of the hall - following a ~10 mrad. beam deflecting magnet (MBPL101245) installed in place of the HAC. A. Ceccucci, CERN

  44. Turtle simulations: 1HISTOGRAM NO 21 DISTRIBUTION OF P IN GEVC 102.000 M FROM THE TARGET0 INTERVAL SCALE FACTOR.. 100 X'S EQUAL 5637 ENTRIES0LESS THAN 72.000 0 72.000 TO 72.200 0 72.200 TO 72.400 0 72.400 TO 72.600 0 72.600 TO 72.800 0 72.800 TO 73.000 1 73.000 TO 73.200 20 73.200 TO 73.400 178 XXX 73.400 TO 73.600 576 XXXXXXXXXX 73.600 TO 73.800 1210 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 73.800 TO 74.000 2068 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 74.000 TO 74.200 2870 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 74.200 TO 74.400 3727 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 74.400 TO 74.600 4598 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 74.600 TO 74.800 5354 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 74.800 TO 75.000 5637 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 75.000 TO 75.200 5596 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 75.200 TO 75.400 5126 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 75.400 TO 75.600 4288 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 75.600 TO 75.800 3400 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 75.800 TO 76.000 2623 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 76.000 TO 76.200 1820 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 76.200 TO 76.400 1068 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 76.400 TO 76.600 552 XXXXXXXXX 76.600 TO 76.800 250 XXXX 76.800 TO 77.000 61 X 77.000 TO 77.200 8 77.200 TO 77.400 0 77.400 TO 77.600 0 77.600 TO 77.800 0 77.800 TO 78.000 00GREATER THAN 78.000 00 TOTAL NUMBER OF ENTRIES = 51031 INCLUDING OVERFLOW AND UNDERFLOW0 MEAN = 74.981 RMS HALF WIDTH = 0.7100HISTOGRAM NO 21 DISTRIBUTION OF P IN GEVC 102.000 M FROM THE TARGET Momentum distribution: <p> = 74.981 GeV/c, RMS = 0.710 GeV/c A. Ceccucci, CERN

  45. Y [mm] X [mm] -60.000 -20.000 20.000 60.000 TOTALS I**---**---**---**---**---**---**I---------60.000 I I 0-54.000 I I 0-48.000 I I 0-42.000 I I 0-36.000 I I 0-30.000 I I 0-24.000 I 8T$$$$$$$$$A I 932-18.000 I A$$$$$$$$$$$$A I 5407-12.000 I Z$$$$$$$$$$$$Z I 8326 -6.000 I $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ I 9999 0.000 I $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ I 9999 6.000 I W$$$$$$$$$$$$W I 8536 12.000 I 4$$$$$$$$$$$$G I 5529 18.000 I 3Q$$$$$$$$T2 I 787 24.000 I I 0 30.000 I I 0 36.000 I I 0 42.000 I I 0 48.000 I I 0 54.000 I I 0 I**---**---**---**---**---**---**I-------- I I I 134455554431 I I 15428485392461 I I 59077738177357 I TOTALS I 000000007855957371007700000000 I 9999 TOTAL NUMBER OF ENTRIES = 51031 -60.000 -20.000 20.000 60.000 TOTALS I**---**---**---**---**---**---**I---------60.000 I I 0-54.000 I I 0-48.000 I I 0-42.000 I I 0-36.000 I I 0-30.000 I I 0-24.000 I 2AQ$$$$$$OF1 I 397-18.000 I $$$$$$$$$$$$ I 4016-12.000 I 1$$$$$$$$$$$$4 I 8053 -6.000 I 2$$$$$$$$$$$$2 I 9999 0.000 I 3$$$$$$$$$$$$2 I 9999 6.000 I $$$$$$$$$$$$ I 8186 12.000 I $$$$$$$$$$$$2 I 4102 18.000 I 2GS$$$$$$$F2 I 396 24.000 I I 0 30.000 I I 0 36.000 I I 0 42.000 I I 0 48.000 I I 0 54.000 I I 0 I**---**---**---**---**---**---**I-------- I I I 2456666542 I I 631337614046 I I 7435062357861 I TOTALS I 000000006682187334832000000000 I 9999 TOTAL NUMBER OF ENTRIES = 51031 KABES-2 -60.000 -20.000 20.000 60.000 TOTALS I**---**---**---**---**---**---**I---------60.000 I I 0-54.000 I I 0-48.000 I I 0-42.000 I I 0-36.000 I I 0-30.000 I I 0 -24.000 I 4H$$$$$$$$K5 I 603-18.000 I 3$$$$$$$$$$$$ I 5010-12.000 I H$$$$$$$$$$$$K I 8414 -6.000 I H$$$$$$$$$$$$H I 9999 0.000 I L$$$$$$$$$$$$H I 9999 6.000 I A$$$$$$$$$$$$E I 8483 12.000 I $$$$$$$$$$$$6 I 5058 18.000 I 4L$$$$$$$$H3 I 590 24.000 I I 0 30.000 I I 0 36.000 I I 0 42.000 I I 0 48.000 I I 0 54.000 I I 0 I**---**---**---**---**---**---**I-------- I I I 134456555431 I I 213971951312 I I 61257420138277 I TOTALS I 000000008999158636733400000000 I 9999 TOTAL NUMBER OF ENTRIES = 51031 KABES-1 KABES-3 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  46. Y [mm] X [mm] Spot at Wire Chamber 1: 1HISTOGRAM NO 29 HORIZONTAL AXIS X IN MM 204.858 M FROM THE TARGET VERTICAL AXIS Y IN MM 204.858 M FROM THE TARGET0 -60.000 -20.000 20.000 60.000+ TOTALS I**---**---**---**---**---**---**I-------- -60.000 TO -54.000 I I 0 -54.000 TO -48.000 I I 0 -48.000 TO -42.000 I I 0 -42.000 TO -36.000 I I 0 -36.000 TO -30.000 I 2321 11 I 10 -30.000 TO -24.000 I 159XT$$$$SJE73 I 334-24.000 TO -18.000 I 8$$$$$$$$$$$U72 I 1947 -18.000 TO -12.000 I 1E$$$$$$$$$$$$D I 4900 -12.000 TO -6.000 I G$$$$$$$$$$$$J1 I 8143 -6.000 TO 0.000 I 1L$$$$$$$$$$$$I2 I 9999 0.000 TO 6.000 I G$$$$$$$$$$$$82 I 9984 6.000 TO 12.000 I G$$$$$$$$$$$$E1 I 8252 12.000 TO 18.000 I F$$$$$$$$$$$$E1 I 4901 18.000 TO 24.000 I AV$$$$$$$$$$X7 I 1929 24.000 TO 30.000 I 2ERYVWQSPFF5 I 254 30.000 TO 36.000 I 21 1 1 I 5 36.000 TO 42.000 I I 0 42.000 TO 48.000 I I 0 48.000 TO 54.000 I I 0 54.000 TO 60.000 I I 0 I**---**---**---**---**---**---**I-------- I I I 1356776531 I I 15731887723651 I I 16166042762880 I TOTALS I 000000027056033304565390000000 I 9999 0 TOTAL NUMBER OF ENTRIES = 51031 INCLUDING UNDERFLOW AND OVERFLOW AS FOLLOWS 0 UNDERFLOW OVERFLOW ACROSS 0 0 DOWN 0 00HISTOGRAM NO 29 HORIZONTAL AXIS X IN MM 204.858 M FROM THE TARGET VERTICAL AXIS Y IN MM 204.858 M FROM THE TARGET A. Ceccucci, CERN

  47. Possible new high-intensity K+ beam for ‘NA48/3’ (K+→p+nn) A. Ceccucci, CERN

  48. Possible new high-intensity K+ beam for ‘NA48/3’ - page 2 A. Ceccucci, CERN

  49. Detector Layout A. Ceccucci, CERN

  50. A. Ceccucci, CERN

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