p. 613 #1

1. p. 613 #1 • Urbanization: growth of cities resulting from industrialization • Tenement: overcrowded and rundown apartment house • Slum: a neighborhood over overcrowded tenements • Social gospel goal to improve the lives of the poor, led by many Christian groups • Jane Adams Woman who founded a settlement house, (practiced social Gospel ) • Hull house: Settlement house offering daycare, education, health care • Political machine: organization which is large enough to influence local elections • Tammany hall: political machine headed by Boss Tweed, acted as a community center

3. p. 613 #3a • Immigrants and farmers settled in big cities at the end of the 19th century to find work, more opportunity in the cities • Transportation was available

4. p. 613 #3b • Two inventions which made modern city life possible: • Electricity • Elevators • Public transportation • skyscrapers

5. p. 613 #3c • Urban Problems reformers tried to solve: • Poverty • Crime • Sanitation • Disease • Overcrowding in slums

6. p. 613 #4 • There were advantages and disadvantages of machine politics: • Machine politicians helped people get jobs and food, and settle into United States • However, • They broke the law to stay in power. and made bribes to affect the election

7. p. 617 #1 • New immigrants • Ellis Island: island In New York harbor where most immigrants from Europe first entered the United States, immigrants went through tests before they were able to go into New York City • Angel Island : Island off the coast from San Francisco where most immigrants coming from Asia would be tested before entering the United states • Melting pot : America – place where many cultures blended together to create the American culture • Assimilation process of blending into society by learning the language social customs and culture of a country • Chinese exclusion act passed 1n 1882 Banned Chinese Immigration for 10 years; it was a symbol of discrimination, Chinese were considered job stealers

8. Voyage : long trip; forced to wait in immigration center Assimilation : learned U.S. politics, culture and language Work : took jobs in any industry that was hiring; low wages Housing : ethnic neighborhoods

9. p. 617 #3a • In the late 1800s, differences between new immigrants and earlier immigrants: • New immigrants came from eastern and Southern Europe • Earlier immigrants came from western and Northern Europe

10. p. 617 #3b • How immigrants supported each other; • They helped in finding housing and employment • They shared common experience by settling in the same neighborhoods

11. p. 617 #3c • Non white immigrants had more difficulty assimilating than European immigrants because: • They were easier to target for discrimination because of the color of their skin and the strange languages they spoke

12. p. 617 #4 • The idea of the melting pot reflected U.S. immigration around 1900 • Many aspects of immigrant culture were accepted • However, the view can be challenged because many ethnic neighborhoods persisted

13. Page 623 #1 • Racial discrimination: different treatment because of the race of a person • Jim Crow: Laws meant to enforce segregation of white and black people in the South in public spaces • Segregation: Separation, especially of race • Plessy v Ferguson: an 1896 Supreme Court case where the court ruled that separation of the races was legal as long as accommodations were equal (Separate but Equal ) • Booker T. Washington: Early Civil rights leader in effort to achieve equality. Former slave who became a teacher and founded Tuskegee Institute • W.E.B. Du Bois: encouraged African Americans to reject segregation through protest founded the NAACP • NAACP: 1909 National Association for Advancement of colored people • Ida B. Wells: Journalist who exposed lynching, a form of terrorism in which African Americans were hung as warning to the rest of the Community, vigilante justice (people taking law into their hands without courts )

14. Page 623 #3b • Discrimination in the North: informal, not like the laws of the South. However, segregated neighborhoods existed in the North

15. Page 623 #3c • Chinese and Mexican immigrants shared several characteristics: • Both settled mostly in the West. • Both took low paying jobs and faced racial discrimination

16. Page 623 #4 • Racial discrimination could have been ended at the end of the 1800s if Nonwhites worked together to fight discrimination . Wages for all people needed to be equal to control job competiton

17. p. 629 #1 • Mass culture: the culture that everyone shares (books, entertainment, sports, food, clothing styles) • Joseph Pulitzer Owner of the newspaper New York World who competed with New York Morning Journal for customers • William Randolph Hearst owner of the New York Morning Journal • Department store new kind of store in the 1880s that sold everything from clothing to furniture • Mail order catalog publication filled with pictures and descriptions of merchandise which you could buy • Leisure free time to do things you like or want to do • Vaudeville live entertainment consisting of songs, dances and comedy • Ragtime blend of African American music and European music, the “mother” of jazz

18. p. 629 3a • Dime novels and newspaper commonalities: • Both reached larger audiences because more people were literate

19. p. 629 3b • New technologies changed the way people bought goods: • Mail order catalogues and free delivery in rural areas made it easier for people in the country to buy goods from the cities

20. p. 629 3c • At the world’s fair people saw: • Technology exhibits such as the telephone and new amusements such as the Ferris wheel

21. #4 page 629 • Mass culture emerged during the late 1800s because more people were exposed to advertising and information about sports, leisure and culture

22. Review questions page 630 #1 • Public transportation changed city life : • Street car lines changed the walking city into the streetcar city. People began to move away from the city center to suburbs reached by street car lines

23. Review questions page 630 #2 • Urban overcrowding threatened tenement dwellers with • Disease • Fire • Crime

24. Review questions page 630 #3 • Big city political machines kept their power by: • Offering services to voters and businesses, in return they provide votes and financial support.

25. Review questions page 630 #4 • Around the 1900s most immigrants came from Southern and eastern Europe

26. Review questions page 630 #5 • Most Europeans came to America through Ellis Island • Most Asians came through Angel Island • Many Mexicans came through Texas

27. Review questions page 630 #6 • The unites States is considered a melting pot because cultures brought by people from around the world melt together in the United States

28. Review questions page 630 #7 • Plessy v Ferguson was an important court case in the United States because: • It held that segregation was not unconstitutional and introduced the doctrine of Separate but equal

29. Review questions page 630 #8 • To fight discrimination African American leaders: • Spoke out about lynching, • Established schools and training programs • Fought for Civil Rights • Founded NAACP

30. Review questions page 630 #9 • Mass culture is the common culture experienced by large numbers of people

31. Review questions page 630 #10 • City parks improved city life by: • Allowing people to get away from pollution and overcrowding of the city • People learned to appreciate greenery and space for recreation

33. Page 630 Critical Thinking #1 • A increased immigration caused: • Urbanization, reform movements, discrimination, immigration restrictions, machine politics • B Spectator sports and movies allowed large numbers of people to share the same experience bringing about mass culture • C. Immigrants were able to assimilate into American life with • improved schooling, advertising, catalogs, movies, amusements, sports

34. Page 630 Critical Thinking #2 • Booker T Washington: • Believed African Americans should concentrate on education and work before striving for full political and social integration • W.E.B. DuBois • Believed segregation should end immediatley with active protest

35. Page 630 Critical Thinking #3 • Mass culture affected immigrants and no whites by helping both groups participate in new aspects of American society

36. Page 630 Critical Thinking #4 • African American immigrants were prevented form having full citizenship because of • Jim Crow laws, not being able to vote, • Attempts to participate in government were through • NAACP and political machines using politics to to get the government to meet their needs

37. Page 630 Critical Thinking #