1 / 18

Chapter 18

Chapter 18. Classification. What is Classification?. Classification is the grouping of objects based on similarities Classifying Biology and Chemistry as Science is a type of classification We classify organisms to help name them and to create order

cybele
Download Presentation

Chapter 18

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 18 Classification

  2. What is Classification? • Classification is the grouping of objects based on similarities • Classifying Biology and Chemistry as Science is a type of classification • We classify organisms to help name them and to create order • Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms

  3. How did taxonomy begin? • What do you call this animal? • Mountain lion, cougar, puma, panther

  4. What is Classification? • Binomial nomenclature gives each species a two-part scientific name • The first word is the genus, the second is the species • Grizzly bear: Ursusarctos • Polar bear: Ursusmaritimus • Giant panda: Alluropodamelanoleuca • Most are Latin • Developed by Carolus Linnaeus in late 1700s

  5. What is Classification? • Linnaeus’s classification included a hierarchal system with 7 levels • Taxon: grouping (categories) of organisms, plural is taxa • Kingdom: taxon of similar phyla • Phylum: taxon of similar classes • Class: taxon of similar orders • Order: taxon of similar families • Family: taxon of similar genera; example cat family is Felidae • Genus: taxon of similar species • Species: specifies organism; Homo sapiens

  6. Taxonomy

  7. Taxonomy

  8. Classification • How do we determine how to group organisms together? • What similarities/differences are most important? • How do you classify a dolphin? Is it more similar to a fish or a cat? • Darwin’s ideas of evolution led to the study of phylogeny (evolutionary relationships among organisms)

  9. Classificantion • Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history is called evolutionary classification • Species with the same genus are more closely related than another genus • Same genus all share a common ancestor • The farther you go up in taxa, the further back the common ancestor was • Cladograms show relationships of evolutionary classification

  10. Cladograms • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouZ9zEkxGWg

  11. Cladograms

  12. Dichotomous Key • A dichotomous key is multiple sets of paired statements used to identify organisms • http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Education/ConservationCentral/walk/walk4.html

  13. 3 Domains • Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya • Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes. • Domain Bacteria has Kingdom Eubacteria. “normal” bacteria • Domain Archaea has Kingdom Archebacteria. “weird” bacteria

  14. Eukarya • Kingdom Protista • Most are unicellular • Live in moist environments • Diverse in ways they obtain nutrition. Ex. amoeba http://www.cellsalive.com/parasit.htm • Kingdom Fungi • Heterotrophic decomposers • Cell walls of chitin, ex. mushroom; pictures

  15. Eukarya • Kingdom Plantae • Autotrophic, multicellular, have tissues • Cell walls of cellulose • Vascular plants – have vessels that transport water and sugars (ferns, conifers, flowering plants) • Xylem– tissue that moves water • Phloem – tissue that moves sugars • Nonvascular plants do not have these vessels., ex. mosses • Kingdom Animalia – multicellular heterotrophs. Do NOT have cell walls

  16. Classification of Living Things

  17. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum… • Did Domain • King Kingdom • Philip Phylum • Cross Class • Over Order • For Family • Good Genus • Soup Species

More Related