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Secondary Data Analysis: Systematic Reviews & Associated Databases

Secondary Data Analysis: Systematic Reviews & Associated Databases. Prof. Eileen Savage OMCYA Keeping Children Safe Summer School, 12 th – 16 th September 2011, UCC. What is a Systematic Review?.

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Secondary Data Analysis: Systematic Reviews & Associated Databases

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  1. Secondary Data Analysis: Systematic Reviews & Associated Databases Prof. Eileen Savage OMCYA Keeping Children Safe Summer School, 12th – 16th September 2011, UCC.

  2. What is a Systematic Review? • a concise scientific investigation, with pre-planned methods that summarise, appraise, synthesise and communicate the results of multiple primary studies (Cooke et al, 1997; Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 2008). ie Research on Research with findings of existing data becoming raw data Differs from a narrative review/ traditional literature review

  3. Traditional Review vs. Systematic Review (Nasseri-Moghaddeam & Malekzadeh 2006)

  4. Growth of Systematic Reviews

  5. Expanding volume of published & unpublished literature Conflicting findings across studies leading to ‘uncertainty’ Contributes to Evidence Based Movement Systematic Reviews – Origins of Growth

  6. When to Do a Systematic Review • When there is ‘uncertainty’ about the effectiveness of interventions in practice • When key questions remain unanswered e.g. about treatments, interventions, practices, experiences etc… • To inform practice/policy with best available research evidence • To identify what is known/not known in an area to guide future research (includes research methods) (Petticrew & Roberts 2007)

  7. Where to find a Systematic Review • Peer Reviewed Journals (search bibliography databases) • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Library; several Groups) • Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) • Health Technology Assessment Database • NHS Economic Evaluation Database • The Campbell Collaboration Library (Groups e.g. Crime & Justice; Education; Social Welfare; Methods; Communication & internationalization; Users Groups. • The Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), University of London. (Education; Health Promotion; Employment; Social care; Crime and Justice) • Others

  8. Structure of Systematic Review e.g. • Introduction/Background • Questions/Aim & Objectives • Criteria for considering studies • Search Methods • Methods of the Review (e.g screening reading papers; quality assessment; data extraction) • Results • Discussion • Conclusions

  9. Criteria for Including/Excluding Studies • Types of Studies (see hierarchy of evidence) • Types of Participants • Types of Outcomes Link to Questions being asked

  10. Hierarchy of Evidence Meta-synthesis Qualitative studies

  11. Search Method • Search Terms • Databases • +/- Hand searching • +/- Reference lists • +/-Grey Literature • +/- Contacting authors (Refer to Booth et al on standards for Reporting Search Methods)

  12. Search Strategy: Embase (Elsevier) Search Strategy: CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCO)

  13. Methods – Screening for Inclusion/ Exclusion • Titles & Abstracts – In/Unsure/Out • Read in full –> in/unsure /out

  14. Quality Assessment of Individual Studies • Quality threshold for inclusion ie exclude poor quality studies • Assessment of Quality may be part of SR • How - No –’gold standard’ exists - Checklists available e.g. CASP - Quality Scales/Criteria

  15. Data Extraction • Use a data extraction form (s) • 2 or more reviewers / cross-check • Extract details relevant to Questions/ Objectives • Present raw data in report – table format

  16. Data Analysis & Synthesis • Collation & summary of results • Present in tabular form/forest plots/other + descriptive narrative account • +/- Meta-analysis, if appropriate (not possible with heterogeneity ie cannot pool apples with oranges for the purpose of statistical analysis as one data set)

  17. Results, Discussion, Implications

  18. Critical Appraisal of Systematic Reviews • The PRISMA Statement: standards for reporting SRs & Meta-analyses • Critical Appraisal Tool Kit for SRs (CASP)

  19. Website on Critical Appraisal Tools (covers a range of methods) • At: Division of Health SciencesInternational Centre for Allied Health Evidence http://www.unisa.edu.au/cahe/Resources/CAT/default.asp

  20. References • To follow

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