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Aphasias: Language Processing Defects and Aphasia Types

Explore the complexities of aphasias, language processing defects arising from cortical damage. Learn about Wernicke's and Broca's areas, their functions, and the distinctive features of Wernicke's and Broca's Aphasia. Delve into the various disorders commonly mistaken for aphasia and the neural pathways involved. This comprehensive guide sheds light on different aphasia types and their unique characteristics.

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Aphasias: Language Processing Defects and Aphasia Types

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  1. Welcome Back • Pick up a Packet! UAA, Cody Augdahl, 2005

  2. Purves, Neuroscience, 2004

  3. Circle of Willis

  4. Major Arteries

  5. Major Arteries

  6. Ganglionic Arteries

  7. Cortical Supply

  8. Deep Regions of Cortical Supply

  9. Aphasias • Early studies revealed that damage to each of two cortical areas; one in the lateral frontal region and the other in the posterior superior temporal lobe, was associated with language impairment. • Aphasia is a defect in language processing caused by dysfunction of the dominant hemisphere

  10. Aphasias • Connections through the corpus callosum incorporate the non-dominant hemisphere in both recognition and production of the affective elements of speech • Difficulty with intended tone of other’s voice as well as appropriate expression of their own voice

  11. Aphasias • Disorders Commonly Mistaken for Aphasia- • Speech Production Disorders- dysarthria, mutism • Auditory Disorders • Defects in Arousal and Attention • Psychiatric Disorders- schizophrenia, conversion disorders, somatoform disorders • Uncooperative Patient

  12. Wernicke’s Area • Area- Brodmann 22 (adjacent to primary auditory cortex) • Posterior 2/3rds of Superior Temporal Gyrus in Dominant Hemisphere • Initial steps of the processing of language, identification of sound sequences for meaningful comprehension

  13. Wernicke’s Aphasia • Impaired Comprehension • Paraphasic Errors - inappropriate substitutions, or a part of a word • Neologisms (nonwords) • Difficulty naming • Usually unaware of their deficit (anosognosia)

  14. Broca’s Area • Areas Brodmann 44-45 • Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Dominant Hemisphere • Motor program that activates particular sequences of sounds to produce words • The articulation of sounds (speech) originates from the face area of the primary motor cortex

  15. Broca’s Aphasia • Decreased Fluency of Spontaneous Speech • Phrase length < 5 words • Content words (nouns) > Function Words (prepositions, articles) • Naming difficulties • Aware of their deficit • Global Aphasia?

  16. Communication between Wernicke’s and Broca’s Areas • Subcortical White Matter Pathway called the Arcuate Fasciculus Neuroscience, 2006

  17. Case Studies Regions, Vessels and Function

  18. Cortical Supply

  19. Deep Regions of Cortical Supply

  20. Ganglionic Arteries

  21. Major Arteries

  22. Blumenfeld, 2002

  23. let’s move a bit out of the brain……

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