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Chapter 3, Section 1. General Information. Southeast Asia is located east of the Indian subcontinent and south of China. Volcano activity. In 1991, the Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in the Philippines About 58,000 people moved to safety, but about 800 people died.
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General Information • Southeast Asia is located east of the Indian subcontinent and south of China
Volcano activity • In 1991, the Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in the Philippines • About 58,000 people moved to safety, but about 800 people died. • The eruption threw nearly 20 millions tons of gas and ash 21 miles into the atmosphere. • The gas cloud spread around Earth. • For two years, this gas cloud caused global temperatures to drop by about 1°F (0.5°C).
Land of Southeast Asia • The area is split into mainland and island areas • The nations of mainland Southeast Asia are Cambodia, Laos (lah ohs), Malaysia (muh lay zhuh), Myanmar (myun mahr), Thailand (ty land), and Vietnam. • Five major nations make up island Southeast Asia: Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei (broo ny), Indonesia, and the Philippines.
Ring of Fire • A region of volcanoes and earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean. • Most of the mountainous islands there are actually the peaks of underwater volcanoes.
Monsoons • Two separate summer monsoons. • Indian Ocean monsoon blows from the southwest • Pacific Ocean monsoon blows from the southeast. • Each brings heavy summer rain to the Southeast Asian coast that it hits.
Monsoons • This winter monsoon brings heavy rains to the southern Philippines and Indonesia. • Because most of Indonesia is in the Southern Hemisphere, the heavy rain from December to March is a summer monsoon there.
Effects of Tropical Wet • Most islands in Southeast Asia have a tropical wet climate • That supports tropical rain forests. • Southeast Asia contains the second-largest tropical rain forest region in the world.
Land and Resources • Many of the people in Southeast Asia make their living from the land. • Farming that provides only enough for a family or for a village is called subsistence farming. • Many use the same building and farming methods that their ancestors relied upon thousands of years ago.
Land and Resources • Other people in Southeast Asia work on plantations • large farming operations designed to raise crops for profit, or cash crops. • Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming. • Commercial farming is the raising of crops and livestock for sale on the local or world market.
Farming • A major economic activity in Southeast Asia • People farm—and live—in the river valleys of mountainous mainland Southeast Asia and on the lowland plains of island Southeast Asia. • Crops include cash crops such as coffee, tea, and rubber. • In Indonesia and Malaysia, rubber is grown on plantations and is a major export crop.
Rice • Rice needs a hot climate and plenty of water to grow. • Rice grows best when it is planted in the water. • In Southeast Asia, farmers use the paddy system to grow rice. • A paddy is a level field that is flooded to grow rice. • It is a food crop as well as a cash crop.
Rainforest Resources • Southeast Asia’s tropical rain forests cover large areas in the region. • In Southeast Asia, rain forests are a source of lumber, medicines, and chemicals used in industry. • Tropical rain forests once covered nearly all of Southeast Asia. Over the years, huge sections have been cut down to provide lumber and to create farmland.
Bamboo • Bamboo is a type of fast-growing grass that produces a woody stem. • Giant bamboo can grow to about 100 feet (30 meters) tall. • It is also used to make irrigation pipes, ropes, and bridges. • The Philippines is one of the world’s largest suppliers of bamboo to the world market.
