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Understanding the Integumentary System: Structure and Function

Explore the layers and functions of the skin, including epidermis and dermis, as well as the important role of integumentary system in protection, temperature regulation, absorption, and more.

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Understanding the Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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  1. The Integumentary System STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  2. Classification • Called three things: • 1. Membrane— • because it covers the body • 2. Organ— • because it contains several kinds of tissues • 3. System— • because it contains organs that work together to perform specific functions

  3. Skin functions • Protection: Chemical, Physical, Biological • Body Temperature Regulation • Storage • Absorption • Excretion • Production or Metabolic Functions

  4. epidermis • Outer layer/no blood vessels • 95% of the cells are keratinocytes—keratin • Five different sub-layers • New skin cells-basal layer • Change from square to flat as move to the surface • Very tough; withstand scuffs and scrapes • Melanocytes and Langerhans cells • 25-45 days • Function-continuous supply of new skin cells, resists friction, waterproof, and prevents water loss

  5. Epidermal Layers • Stratum corneum (Horny layer) 15-25 layers of dead, flat, squamous, epithelial cells. Thicker over soles and palms • Stratum lucidum (clear layer) only located in the thicker areas • Stratum granulosum (Granular layer) waterproofing with keratin and lipids • Stratum spinosum (Prickly layer) usually the thickest layer, Langerhans cells—part of the immune response • Stratum basale (Basal cell layer) stem cells, keratinocytes, Merkel cells, and melanocytes

  6. http://histology.leeds.ac.uk/skin/assets/skin_epidermis_diag.gifhttp://histology.leeds.ac.uk/skin/assets/skin_epidermis_diag.gif

  7. Dermis • Thicker than the epidermis • Provides epidermis with nutrients • Strong and flexible • Fibroblast cells—collagen and elastin • “body stocking” • Two layers: Papillary and Reticular • Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, and sense receptors

  8. Dermis layers • Papillary • Phagocytes • Friction Ridges and fingerprints • Reticular • 80% of the thickness of the dermis • Tension or cleavage lines • Flexure lines

  9. http://www.google.com/imgres?q=friction+ridges+and+fingerprints&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=ffXiTSkxjG475M:&imgrefurl=http://jyotishmanrocks.blogspot.com/2011/05/invention-of-fingerprint.html&docid=PuqbsKJhPHg6QM&imgurl=http://daphnecaruanagalizia.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/fingerprint-207x300.jpg&w=207&h=300&ei=AXrVTq2GIcSqgweGodi6AQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=447&vpy=139&dur=1390&hovh=240&hovw=165&tx=120&ty=139&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=159&tbnw=110&start=0&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0http://www.google.com/imgres?q=friction+ridges+and+fingerprints&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=ffXiTSkxjG475M:&imgrefurl=http://jyotishmanrocks.blogspot.com/2011/05/invention-of-fingerprint.html&docid=PuqbsKJhPHg6QM&imgurl=http://daphnecaruanagalizia.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/fingerprint-207x300.jpg&w=207&h=300&ei=AXrVTq2GIcSqgweGodi6AQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=447&vpy=139&dur=1390&hovh=240&hovw=165&tx=120&ty=139&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=159&tbnw=110&start=0&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=friction+ridges+and+fingerprints&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=v82nYzyzRpRjiM:&imgrefurl=http://quizlet.com/2728226/chapter-5-the-integumentary-system-flash-cards/&docid=QLSAz2WRh1AjuM&imgurl=http://i.quizlet.com/i/IAGlRO2vQXC5AKWB8U6_Hg_m.jpg&w=238&h=240&ei=AXrVTq2GIcSqgweGodi6AQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=913&vpy=314&dur=121&hovh=192&hovw=190&tx=92&ty=133&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=160&tbnw=112&start=0&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0

  10. http://www.google.com/imgres?q=tension+lines+dermis&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=mbiY7-q7wRcr-M:&imgrefurl=http://teleanatomy.com/introductiontoanatomy-Skin.html&docid=5lxpGgsXiqcP9M&imgurl=http://teleanatomy.com/General%252520Anatomy/Introduction%252520to%252520Anatomy%2525203rd%252520Edition/Skin_files/image020.jpg&w=576&h=668&ei=q3fVTuXTD4PDgQe89smYAQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=264&vpy=142&dur=49085&hovh=242&hovw=208&tx=53&ty=257&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=168&tbnw=145&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0http://www.google.com/imgres?q=tension+lines+dermis&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=709&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=mbiY7-q7wRcr-M:&imgrefurl=http://teleanatomy.com/introductiontoanatomy-Skin.html&docid=5lxpGgsXiqcP9M&imgurl=http://teleanatomy.com/General%252520Anatomy/Introduction%252520to%252520Anatomy%2525203rd%252520Edition/Skin_files/image020.jpg&w=576&h=668&ei=q3fVTuXTD4PDgQe89smYAQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=264&vpy=142&dur=49085&hovh=242&hovw=208&tx=53&ty=257&sig=108715678895446932678&page=1&tbnh=168&tbnw=145&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0

  11. hypodermis • Not considered a skin layer • Subcutaneous tissue • Fat, blood vessels, and sensory receptors • Cushions and insulates

  12. Skin color • MELANOCYTES • Everyone has the same # • Difference comes from the kind and amount of melanin made and retained • Protection from the sun • Freckles and moles • CAROTENE • Yellow to orange pigment, converted to Vitamin A • Asian • Palms, heels, and soles of feet • HEMOGLOBIN • Rosy complexion in fair skin

  13. Skin color continued • Cyanosis • Poor oxygenation • Albino • Absence of color pigment • Erythema • Redness • Pallor, blanching • Loss of color • Jaundice • Yellow cast • Bronzing • Copper color • Hematomas • Black and blue marks/bruising

  14. Appendages of the skin • Sweat Glands or sudoriferous glands • Up to 3 million per person • Two types: eccrine and apocrine • Eccrine—99% water • Primary purpose is to prevent overheating • Heat induced sweating begins on the forehead • Emotionally induced begins on the palms, soles, and axillae • Sebaceous Glands • Oil glands • Everywhere except palms and soles • Sebum • Blemishes

  15. Appendages continued • Hair Follicles and Hair • Millions cover our bodies except….. • Protection • Pigment/Color—melanocytes • Red hair—pigment containing iron • Gray or white hair—decreased melanin • Arrectorpili—”raiser of hair” muscle and secretes sebum out of the hair follicle • Normal hair loss • Fastest hair growth • Nutrition and hormones • Hirsutism • Alopecia • Baldness • Hair thinning

  16. Nails • Our “hooves” or “claws” • Protect fingers and toes • Useful as “tools” • Dead keratinized epidermal epithelial cells • Pink from rich bed of capillaries in the underlying dermis • Nail matrix • Changes in nail appearance: • Yellow-tinged • Thickened • Outward, concavity (spoon nail) • Horizontal lines (Beau’s lines)

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