English Grammar

1. English Grammar Parts of Speech Presented by: Pir Suhail Ahmed Adapted by: Mrs. Yancey

2. Verbs Adjectives Prepositions Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Interjections Adverbs Pronouns Conjunctions

3. Noun • A Person A word that names • A Place • A Thing • An Idea

4. Kinds of Nouns

5. Kinds of Nouns

6. Pronouns The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. The word it stands for is the antecedent. Demonstrative Pronouns ( points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas) this, that, these, those Personal Pronouns (refers to a specific person or thing) I, me, we, us, you, he, him, she, her, it, they them Indefinite Pronouns (refers to persons, places, or things in a more general way than a noun does) anybody, one, each, all, another, any, both, few, several, either, none, someone, many, most, much, no one

7. Pronouns Continued… Interrogative Pronouns (used to form questions) who whom what which whose Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns (reflexive pronouns reflect back to a noun or pronoun while an intensive pronoun adds emphasis) myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves

8. Verb A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement. Every sentence must have a verb. Verb Subject Predicate

9. Kinds of Verbs Action verbs express mental or physical action. Transitive verbs are action verbs that are followed by words that answer the question what? or whom? Cats see their prey in the dark. Intransitive verbs are action verbs that is not followed by words that answer the questions what? or whom? Cats see well. He rode the horse to victory.

10. Kinds of Verbs Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it. Common Linking Verbs: am, is, are, was, were, seem, be Other Linking Verbs: look, remain, seem, become, stay, grow, appear, sound, taste, smell, feel He has been sick.

11. Kinds of Verbs Verb Phrases are verbs that consist of more than one word. Helping verbs are words that assist the main verb. Common Helping Verbs: am, is, are, was, were, Seem, be, has, have, had, can, could, do, does, did, may, might, must, do, does, did, shall, should, will, would

12. Adjective Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Answers these questions: Did you lose your addressbook? Which? What kind? Is that a woolsweater? Just give me fiveminutes. How many?

13. Adjectives Continued • Articles - The words “a,” “an,” and “the” are called articles. Articles are adjectives! • She found a ring. • They spotted an iceberg. • He was the honorable choice. • Proper adjectives – These are words that are formed from proper nouns and begin with a capital letter. • Ex. Rembrandt was a Dutch painter. • The Berlin Wall came down in 1989.

14. Adverb Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers these questions: He ran quickly. How? When? She left yesterday. Where? We went there. To what degree or how much? It was toohot!

15. the word “not” and the contraction “n’t” are adverbs! - ex. The plane has not landed.

16. Preposition Introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is itsobject. They received a postcard from Bobbytelling about his tripto Canada.

17. Common Prepositions behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without aboard about above across after against along among around at before

18. Conjunction A word that joins words or groups of words. and but thus if either/or neither/nor although however because then so

20. Interjection An exclamatory word that expresses emotion. Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow! Look at the time! I’ll never finish my work!