Psychology in AI

1. Engineering Psychology Philosophy Psychology Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Anthropology Neuroscience Psychology in AI Artificial thinking, Structure of Intelligence,Personal Constract Psychology (PCP), Jakub Jura jakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz http://users.fs.cvut.cz/~jurajaku/ing-psych/ info@psychoterapie-jura.cz

2. What theIntelligenceis? • Ability to adapt, to shapeand to select an environments. • Higher form of organisation of cognive processes. • General mental capacity of an individual consciously to adjust his thinking to new requirements of environment.

3. Structure of Intelligence • GardnermultipleIntelligence • Linguistic intelligence • Logical-mathematical intelligence • Musical intelligence • Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence • Spatial intelligence • Interpersonal intelligence • Intrapersonal intelligence

4. Guilford modelStructure of intellect • Factor analysis • operations • contents • products figural Content dimension Figural - Concrete, real world information, tangible objects -- things in the environment. It includes visual: information perceived through seeing; auditory: information perceived through hearing; and kinesthetic: information perceived through one's own physical actions. Symbolic - Information perceived as symbols or signs that stand for something else, e.g., Arabic numerals, the letters of an alphabet, or musical and scientific notations. Semantic - Concerned with verbal meaning and ideas. Generally considered to be abstract in nature. Behavioral - Information perceived as acts of people. (This dimension was not fully researched in Guilford's project, remains theoretical, and is generally not included in the final model that he proposed for describing human intelligence.) Product dimension Units - Single items of knowledge. Classes - Sets of units sharing common attributes. Relations - Units linked as opposites or in associations, sequences, or analogies. Systems - Multiple relations interrelated to comprise structures or networks. Transformations - Changes, perspectives, conversions, or mutations to knowledge. Implications - Predictions, inferences, consequences, or anticipations of knowledge. Operations dimension Cognition - The ability to understand, comprehend, discover, and become aware of information. Memory recording - The ability to encode information. Memory retention - The ability to recall information. Divergent production - The ability to generate multiple solutions to a problem; creativity. Convergent production - The ability to deduce a single solution to a problem; rule-following or problem-solving. Evaluation - The ability to judge whether or not information is accurate, consistent, or valid. http://www.alsi.net/Learning/Styles.htm

5. Sternberg Triarchic inteligence theory • Intelligence is a mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world environments relevant to one’s life. • Componential  • Metacomponents • managing our mind / homunculus. • performance components • perceiving problems • perceiving relations between objects • applying relations to another set of terms • knowledge-acquisition components • obtaining new information • selectively choosing information • selectively combine the various pieces of information • Experiential - • how well the task perform • Novelty X Automation • Practical (contextual) • adaptation • shaping • selection • Fit to environment Analytical giftedness Creative giftedness Practical giftedness (street smarts )

6. Artificial Intelligence • (Behavioral) The ability of a computer or other machine to perform actions thought to require intelligence. • (Bionics) Artificial Intelligence is the study of human intelligence such that it can be replicated artificially.

7. AI Domains and problems • Deduction, reasoning, problem solving • Knowledge representation • Planning • Optimalisation • (Machine) Learning (ML) • Natural language processing • Artificial Live (AL) • Knowledge and expert systems (ES)

8. AI Tools and Methodes • ANN • Logic • Fuzzy logic • Semantic networks • State space search (GPS) • Frames

9. Artificial and natural Neuron

10. Artificial and natural Neural Network • Classification, recognition

11. Asociace Spojovaný obsah 2 (myšlenka, představa…) Spojovaný obsah 1 (myšlenka, představa…) Mental Association Law • A – Primary (J. Lock) • (1) law of Similars(connecting what is identical or similar); • (2) law of Contrast(connectiong what is sharply different) • (3) law of Coadjacency(connecting what is near and soon.). • B – Secondary (T.Brown) • (1) law of Immediacy(connecting what is new) • (2) law of Homogeneity() • (3) law of Facility()

12. Association experiment • C. G. Jung • 100 words • Proband say first ideas • Time is registered • The associations are analysed

13. Association network Make a assotiation network ! Start on the blank paper by the arbitrary word. And connecting and connectng. Work spontaneously.

14. George Kelly (1905 - 1967) .A person’s processes are psychologically channelized by the way in which he anticipates events. • Personal construct theory • Personal Construct • Usefull concept, convenient fiction, transparent template. • Way of description, evaluation, interpretation andexplanation of the world. • REP - role construct repertory test

15. Personal Construct • Our constructs determine our subjective reality. • And we have no

17. REP Test • Ideogrammic map of the the individual systém of the constructs. • Choice 5 persons which is significant for you. • Father, mother, brother/sister, friend, partner, teacher, chief, schoolmate etc. … me ;) • Minimal context method – triad of compared elements (objects). • First pole is created on the basis of similarity and the second one on the principle of contrast.

18. Properties of the constructs • Permeability – is possible to use tahem to any others objects? • Transmittableness - are comprehensible to the others? • Situatednes – determine by the situation • Shallow – e.g. Eye colour • Vague – e.g. Is fine.

19. Creative moments in PCT • Loosening • Tithening

20. Osgood’s Semantic Diferencial SD is the instrument for the measuring of a connotative meaning of concepts. Evaluation –Potency – Activity This subject is … ?  -3 -3 -3 -3 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Good Quick Ugly Blunt Solid Bad Slow Pretty Sharp Liquid