Understanding Diesel Retrofit Technologies

1. Understanding Diesel Retrofit Technologies Lanny Cole Cummins Atlantic LLC Filtration and Emission Sales Manager North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia 704-588-1240 ext 202

2. Diesel Emission Retrofit Projects Why Retrofit ?

3. Why Reduce Emissions? Economic Effects Environmental Effects Health Effects EPA estimates that for every $1 spent on retrofit, there is a $13 return on healthcare cost

4. Euro 2 1996 Evolution of On-Highway Standards - EPA EPA 1994 5.0 EPA 1998 4.0 EPA 2004 NOx [g/HP-hr] 2.5 1.2 EPA 2007* * Aftertreatment Required 0.2 EPA 2010* 0.01 0.10 0.015 0.075 0.11 PARTICULATE [g/HP-hr]

5. Nitrogen Oxides – air quality / smog (Ground Level Ozone) PM - health effects 56% emitted of PM attributable to diesel engine Black smoke HC / CO / Toxic Hydrocarbons – smell Retrofitting Existing Diesel Engines with Emission Control Technologies is the primary way to reduce emissions Key Regulated By-products

6. Diesel Emission Basics

7. Ways to Reduce Emissions? CCV • Engine design changes • Combustion • Air handling • Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) • Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV) • Fuels • Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel • Additives? • Water emulsions? • Biodiesel? • Exhaust after-treatment • Diesel Oxidation Catalysts – >25% PM, > 70%HC and >40% CO reduction • Passive (catalyzed) Filters - >85% PM reductions, HC & >70%CO reduction, • Active (electric, non-catalyzed) Filters - 85% PM reduction • NOx Reducing Catalysts - 85% PM reduction, 25% NOx reduction, HC & CO reduction • Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 60-90% NOx reduction, HC & CO reduction Combustion advances EGR DPF

8. Verification • What does verified technology mean? • Process that EPA and CARB use to certify a technology does what the manufacturer claims. • Identifies application guidelines for each device • Identifies qualified engines and markets for that devices application • Why is using verified technology important? • Verification is required for most publicly funded projects • Enables a standardized understanding and classification of technologies • EPA • http://www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/verif-list.htm • EPA lists verified technologies alphabetically by Manufacturer • CARB • http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/vt/vt.htm • CARB lists verified technologies by classification • Level 1 = >25% • Level 2 = >50% • Level 3 = >85%

9. EPA/CARB Verified Product Summary

10. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst(DOC)

11. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst • The DOC may either replace or be added to the existing vehicle muffler. • Easily installs • Needs no maintenance • Requires no monitoring • Can be used with low-sulfur (500 ppm) or ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels (15 ppm) • Oxidation Catalyst Control Capabilities • PM >25% Reduction • CO >50% • HCs and Toxic HCs -- >70%

12. Closed Crankcase Ventilation(CCV)

13. Crankcase Ventilation Filter • Closes the current open crankcase system by filtering blow-by gases thus removing oil residues and routing the residues and gases back into the engine. • Simple, high efficiency,serviceable • Interval – every3rd to 4th oil change • Additional 10% to 15% reduction in emissions. Replaceablefilter element

14. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Closed Crankcase Ventilation • Combines the benefits of both for additional emissions reductions. • Applies to many applications • The CCV Kit eliminates 100% of engine compartment blow-by. • Verified as a combination package by the EPA/CARB

15. Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF)

16. Diesel Particulate Filter • The CRT filter is capable of converting > • 90% of Particulate matter • >90% Hydrocarbons • >70% Carbon Monoxide. • Requires Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel • Can use B20 bio-diesel fuel • Maintenance: • Periodic filter cleaning required • Vehicle requires datalogging for approval to retrofit • Retrofit DPFs are generally be installed as a passive system but active systems are available

17. Oxidation catalyst with Precious Metal Coating Diesel Particulate Filter Diesel Particulate Filter • Existing exhaust temperatures are used forPassive Regeneration • Oxidize injected fuel is used to produce heatfor Active Regeneration PM = 90% reduction HC = >90% reduction CO = >70% reduction

18. Heavy Duty Solution 2007 Particulate Filters are required on engines built after Jan1, 2007

19. Selective Catalytic Reduction 15L Same as today Heavy Duty Solution 2010 Particulate Filter Cooled EGR

20. What Technology Where?

21. Planning a Diesel Emission Retrofit Project Start with the Money

22. Retrofit Funding Sources • US EPA • Grants • Santee Cooper consent decree • Retrofitted 105 school buses, 60 in upstate region • Smartway Program • Rebates to individuals who retrofit • State DAQ • Spartanburg County EPF project • County and City Clean Air Stakeholders • State DOT • Private Corporations • Duke Power • Cleaning up power plants and support equipment

23. Starting A Retrofit Project

24. Compile A Fleet List • Why does an accurate up to date fleet list matter? • Not every engine can be retrofitted • There is no “one size fits all” retrofit device • Fleet list is the road map of the project • Allows vehicles to be sorted into emission reduction “buckets” • Retrofit • Repower • Replace • Rebuild • Refuel

25. Fleet List Equipment Make:___________________ Equipment Model:___________________ Engine Manufacturer:_________________ Engine Model:_______________________ Engine Year:________________________ Engine Horse Power:_________________ EPA Engine Family #:_________________ Quantity of Like Units:_________________ Muffler Part # or Dimensions:___________

26. Vehicle Retrofit Priority • Reduction Goals • Remaining Service Life • Retrofit Device Maintenance • Annual costs and fleet impact • The Right Technology In The Right Place

27. Product Decision Tree • What is the projects goal? • PM Reduction • NOx Reduction • Verification Required ? • (CARB / EPA) • Manufacturers warranty consideration • Fuel Type? • ULSD (15 ppm) • Off-road fuel • BioDiesel • Engine Age • EPA Certification Year/Emission Tier Level? • Duty cycle/temperature of application? • Datalogging needed

28. Timing • What is the projects timeline? • Funding Source • Required Installation due date • Installation: • When are the vehicles available? • When will the retrofit devices be available? • Will installation be done by the retrofit vendor? • Transportation to and from • Down time • How long to install the device

29. Reminders 1.Funding: - You cannot receive funding if you do not apply. - If you do not succeed on your first attempt try again. - Build and Maintain working relationships with air quality stakeholders. 2. Compiling Fleet Information: - Maintain a fleet list of potential retrofit equipment. 3. What technology to use: -The right technology on the right application 4. Vehicle Priority: -Remaining years of service -Quantity of vehicles 5.. Cost Considerations: -Amount and type of reduction you are trying to achieve. -Maintenance vs. no maintenance technology 6.Timing: -Funding dealines -Installation constraints

30. Business Case Funding Retrofit Success Technology

31. Thank you