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Deinstitutionalization

Deinstitutionalization. Kari Cattle. Historic Zeitgeist. The Postwar Booms (1946- 1964) The Cold War (1947-1991 ) Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968). New issues arise after WWII. Serious mental illness more prevalent 38% Military personnel discharged for mental illness

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Deinstitutionalization

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  1. Deinstitutionalization Kari Cattle

  2. Historic Zeitgeist • The Postwar Booms (1946- 1964) • The Cold War (1947-1991) • Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)

  3. New issues arise after WWII • Serious mental illness more prevalent • 38% Military personnel discharged for mental illness • State mental hospitals brutal • Professional staff drafted

  4. The exposure • Conscientious Objectors first to bring light to inhumane treatment • The Inhumane Treatment • Medical Treatments • Physical Mistreatment

  5. What is Deinstitutionalization? • Process of getting rid of psychiatric institutions in 1955

  6. Why it occurred • The inhumane treatment • 1954 was when chlorpromazine (thorazine) was introduced • 1965 Medicaid & Medicare

  7. Why it occurred CONt’d. • Civil rights movement • Kennedy Signs the Deinstitutionalization Act

  8. Robert Hanna Felix • Born May 29th1904 - 1990 • University of Colorado Medical School in 1930 • Johns Hopkins University • Federal Public Health Service

  9. Robert Hanna Felix CONT’d • WWII Psychiatrist • Helped develop the Mental Health Act of 1946 • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) • Created Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC)

  10. Theories of Mental Illness • Szasz Did not believe Mental Illness Exists • Goffman believed the institutions caused the mental illnesses • Caplan believed mental illness was due to avoiding hypertensions • Felix believed it was caused by social or cultural factors.

  11. National Institute of Mental Health • Was created from funding from the National Mental health act of 1946 signed by Truman • Help understand mental health, and provide research for prevention, recovery and a cure.

  12. Felix’s Idea • In 1945 he wanted a mental illness research center constructed • New role for the State Hospitals • A new community center

  13. Short life of Community Mental Health Centers • Community Mental Health Act Signed in 1963 • The first CMHC Open in 1966 • 5 years of federal funding • No relationship between dropping hospital numbers and CMHC (33:28) • HZ: M.L.K. Jr. assassinated in 1968

  14. Flaws with Felix's idea & implementation of CMHC • State CMHC already underway • No communication • Who they were treating • Misuse of funds • The lack of NIMH Standards

  15. Death of CMHC • Termination addressed in 1970’s • Closed down officially in 1981 • Cause of death: Naiveté complicated by grandiosity • no coordinated plan for aftercare existed afterwards

  16. Transinstitutionalization • Moving the elderly into nursing homes • Intermediate Care Facilities (ICF) • Wisconsin leading

  17. After Effects • Homicides in California the highest (98) • Severe mentally ill living situations • Exponential growth of Mentally ill Homelessness (45:40) • misdiagnoses to be eligible for care • Jailing of Mentally ill

  18. Treatments Now • Out Patient Therapy • Hospitals • More Accurate medications • Video: 53:32

  19. Discussion • DO you think that the after effects of Deinstitutionalization has gotten any better today?

  20. Discussion • How do you think we should go about making change for the mentally ill population?

  21. Discussion • How do you think the community programs should have been set up?

  22. Discussion • What do you think is the cause of mental illness?

  23. http://sites.dlib.nyu.edu/undercover/sites/dlib.nyu.edu.undercover/files/documents/uploads/editors/ChiDailyTimes_1935July15_FULL.pdf Newspaper article of Frank Smith • https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/special/excerpt.html • https://www.history.com/topics/1950s • https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/03/obituaries/dr-robert-h-felix-is-dead-at-85-mental-health-unit-s-first-chief.html • https://fod-infobase-com.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=32651

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