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Treaty of Versailles, 1919

Treaty of Versailles, 1919. Social Studies 20-1. The Delegates at the Paris Peace Conference. Who would be included? Why? Whose goals and viewpoints would be crucial? Whose wouldn’t be?. France’s Position at Paris. Demands of the French government: Return of Alsace, Lorraine from Germany

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Treaty of Versailles, 1919

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  1. Treaty of Versailles, 1919 Social Studies 20-1

  2. The Delegates at the Paris Peace Conference • Who would be included? Why? • Whose goals and viewpoints would be crucial? Whose wouldn’t be?

  3. France’s Position at Paris Demands of the French government: • Return of Alsace, Lorraine from Germany • Demilitarization of the German Armed Forces, occupation of the Rhineland until reparations paid • Many in France wanted more, wanting to annex (receive) the left side of the Rhine, or for an independent Rhineland as a “buffer”

  4. Britain’s Perspective London’s View • Yes, Germany must be contained, but it could become a force for stability in Europe (so don’t be too harsh) • Germany should pay the Allies reparations, but the fledgling German Republic should not be gutted to do so

  5. The United States and the Post-War Settlement U.S. President Woodrow Wilson on the Peace Process: • The peace with Germany should agree with his fourteen points (basically disarmament, “open diplomacy, openly arrived at” (no secret treaties), self-determination (borders dictated by culture) and the League of Nations (organization of all states to help peacefully resolve conflicts) • Very idealistic, not very popular

  6. Italy, the last of the “Big Four” Italy fought in the First World War for material gains; it desired some territory from Austria-Hungary, called “Unredeemed Italy” • In 1915, the Allies promised Italy most of the parts of Austria-Hungary they desired, but they wanted more land, most of which were all minority Italian in culture and population and thus were not promised to them by the Triple Entente

  7. The Treaty of Versailles, 1919(between Germany, Allies) Clauses • “War Guilt Clause”: Germany is responsible for the entire war • German disarmament (100,000 men, 12 warships, no airforce) • Western Rhineland occupied by French until vast reparations paid, eastern de-militarized (no troops allowed) • Saar area of Germany (western German border region) to be controlled by France for 15 years, very rich in coal and iron – plebiscite afterwards to decide which country it belongs to (Germany or France) • Loss of territory to France (Alsace, Lorraine), Belgium and Poland, as well as Germany’s oversea colonies • “Anschluss” (Union) with Austria forbidden • Creation of the League of Nations (predecessor to the United Nations, international agency of countries designed to help resolve differences between its members)

  8. Map of the Settlement

  9. Peace at last? • Were the differences of Europe finally settled? • Who lost in the treaty? What does this say about the long-term effects of the treaty? Will it work? • What do you think would happen in the countries dissatisfied?

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