So far we have wrestled with Memory, the CPU, Bits and Bytes, Input and Output.

1. So far we have wrestled with Memory, the CPU, Bits and Bytes, Input and Output. Yep, Now it’s high time to put some of this together. Where else than the computer’s MOTHERBOARD ? ITY 117 Digital Technologies

2. Computer Components ITY 117 Digital Technologies

3. I/O Devices sorted by bandwidth CD Rom TV Camera Joystick IDE HDD Keyboard Scanner VDU Mouse Audio 10 B/s 100 B/s 1kB/s 10 kB/s 100 kB/s 1 MB/s 10 MB/s 100 MB/s ITY 117 Digital Technologies

4. Fast Components Hard Disk Memory CPU Video Card ITY 117 Digital Technologies

5. Slow Components ITY 117 Digital Technologies

6. Sorting Devices by Bandwidth • Classify Devices by their bandwidth (speed in Bytes/sec) • Connect devices within each class together • Then Connect classes together Incredibly Fast This gives us the structure of a PC Motherboard Fast Slow ITY 117 Digital Technologies

7. Buses Incredibly Fast The connection are called Buses Fast Slow ITY 117 Digital Technologies

8. PETEHOUND Buses – What are they ? Coordinated means of moving information around. Bandwidth? CPU Wires on pcb Disk drive 1 0 1 1 Memory ITY 117 Digital Technologies

9. PCB Bus tracks near a Pentium 4 Physical bus – load of tracks on a PCB (printed circuit board) ITY 117 Digital Technologies

10. Buses – They are : • Shared communication link • Single set of wires used to connect multiple subsystem • Designed speed (“Bandwidth”) • A Bus is also a fundamental tool for building complex systems • It creates a communication bottleneck • The maximum bus speed is largely limited by: • The length of the bus • The number of devices on the bus Poor • New devices can be added easily • Peripherals can be moved between computersystems that use the same bus standard • A single set of wires is shared in multiple ways Good ITY 117 Digital Technologies

11. A Grand Mother Board Pentium III Incredibly Fast Cache Organizing components by their speeds Main Memory 440North Bridge Very Fast Graphics PCI Bus Fast SCSI IDE DIsk South Bridge USB Graphics KBd Mouse ISA Bus Slow Modem Sound Printer ITY 117 Digital Technologies

12. PCI Slots ISA Slots North Bridge South Bridge CPU Socket simm A Grand Mother Board Itox3 ITY 117 Digital Technologies

13. Two Types of Bus USB Universal Serial Bus • Slow 1MByte / sec • used for mice printer audio • frame and packets – like network Serial Bus • PC’s mouse and keyboard • used for mice printer audio • frame and packets – like network ITY 117 Digital Technologies

14. PCI Bus • Precursor was ISA - 8MHz 16 bit • Original PCI 33 MHz 32 bit 100 MB/sec • Now extended to 64 bit and 64 MHz • Synchronous, multiplexed • 5Volt or 3.3 Volt logic levels • Plug and Play Support • PCI-X 2.0 64 bit 533 MHz PCI Slots (32 bit) ISA Slots ITY 117 Digital Technologies

15. Connections to the Motherboard Printer / Parallel PS-2 Kbd mouse Game USB Audio Serial Video ITY 117 Digital Technologies

16. A Modern Mother Intel D815 MCH IOCH ITY 117 Digital Technologies

17. A Modern Mother’s Chipset Incredibly Fast No Northbridge No Southbridge A New Grouping Very Fast Slow Fast Fast Slow ITY 117 Digital Technologies

18. PCI Bus AGP CPU Socket DIMM Codec Battery IOCH MCH HDD FDD A Modern Mother Intel D815 Back Panel Connectors ITY 117 Digital Technologies

19. PCI Bus CNR AGP CPU Socket DIMM Codec Battery IOCH MCH HDD FDD D815 Plan Back Panel Connectors ITY 117 Digital Technologies

20. D815 CPU – Memory Control Hub ITY 117 Digital Technologies

21. D815 Input-Output Control Hub ITY 117 Digital Technologies

22. Glossary • PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect • ISA Industry Standard Association • USB Universal Serial Bus • Codec Coder-Decoder (audio media) • AGP Advanced Graphics Port • HDD Hard Disk Drive • FDD Floppy Disk Drive • SCSI Small Computer System Interface • CPU Central Processor Unit • PCB Printed Circuit Board • IDE Integrated Drive Electronics • simm single inline mem module • dimm dual inline memory module • MCH Memory Control Hub • IOCH IO Control Hub • IO Input or Output • LAN Local Area Network • SIO Serial Input Output • PIO Parallel IO • OTT Over The Top ITY 117 Digital Technologies

23. Investigating Circuit Boards Here’s some photographs which will help you recognize what a printed circuit board’s function is. Parallel Port Printer Video Port Ethernet (OLD) USB Serial Port PS/2 mouse, Keyboard ITY 117 Digital Technologies

24. OLD Keyboard conn BIOS ROM Battery for CMOS Power Connector Bleeper LED Display ITY 117 Digital Technologies

25. Investigating Circuit Boards Here’s some CHIP Identification Numbers that may help you identify some Circuit Boards • 80386 Intel CPU • 80486 Intel CPU • 8051 Microcontroller • 8086 Intel CPU (early) • 2732/64/128/256 EPROM • 68030/40 Motorola CPU • 8041 Keyboard controller • 8049 Keyboard controller • 8255 Input/Output Chip • WD---- Disk controller chip • 80282 ancient CPU • 8237 Disk input output • 8254 Programmable Timer ITY 117 Digital Technologies

26. Microcontrollers • Chips containing CPU RAM IO Ports, Timers. • Used in Car Engine Management Systems • Used in Alarm Systems • Also in Coffee Machines • Intel 8051-family • This one in a Furbie ITY 117 Digital Technologies

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