Common Assessment #2 Review Colonization

1. Common Assessment #2 ReviewColonization Mr. Durfee SBMS U.S. History October 5, 2012

2. Plymouth and the Mayflower • Supplies limited for 102 passengers • Half died first winter (starving time and disease). • Surviving half was near disaster when Spring arrived. • Rocky soil not same as in England made it difficult to farm • Mayflower Compact was a social contract signed by the Mayflower passengers to govern themselves and obey their own laws and was first document to establish democracy in America

3. New England • Northeastern colonies in New England were settled to escape religious persecution in Europe. • Puritanism was primary religion in early New England but the Middle Colonies had many different religions • Rhode Island offered religious freedom from Puritans for all religions. • John Wheelwright, Roger Williams, Thomas Hooker, and Ann Hutchinson left Massachusetts because of their religion which went against Puritanism • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was first written Constitution in America and the ability to send two people from each town to the Assembly had a direct contribution to representative government. • The Colonies were located along the Atlantic coast to facilitate trade with Mother England • Poor soil for farming but plenty of lumber for shipbuilding near plenty of rivers and great ports. Harsh winters. Small farms short growing season

4. Middle (Mid-Atlantic) Colonies • Maryland founded as safe haven for Catholics persecuted in England • First settled by Dutch, Diverse population, good natural seaports, center of trade, freedom of religion and trial by jury. • Taken from Dutch by English for the good seaports and natural resources. • William Penn was a pacifist (non violent), established representative government in Pennsylvania, believed in equality, and respected all religions. • Pennsylvania, Maryland and Rhode Island were founded to offer religious freedom • Bread Basket to the world because of the large grain production of wheat, oats, barley, etc. • Moderate growing seasons and very good soil for large farms

5. Southern Colonies • Founded for economic reasons • Rich soil, warm climate, extended growing seasons encouraged farming economy in the South • Tobacco, indigo and rice main exports to England • Tidewater and Backcountry areas • Large Plantations run by slave labor • Few cities, mostly farms far apart